of August 4, 2026 No. 282-FZ
About digital currencies and the digital rights
Accepted by the State Duma on July 21, 2026
Approved by the Federation Council on July 24, 2026
1. Are regulated by this Federal Law:
1) the relations arising under the organization of the address, accounting and the address of digital currencies and foreign digital tools, and also in case of mining of digital currencies;
2) the relations arising in case of placement, the organization of the address, accounting and the address of the digital rights;
3) activities of the operator of information system in which release of digital financial assets, the organization performing exchange of digital currencies, and digital depositary is performed;
4) the activities of the broker, managing director, managing company, the organizer of trade, the clearing organization connected with the organization of the address of digital currencies and the digital rights.
2. The legislation of the Russian Federation on digital currencies and the digital rights consists of this Federal Law, other Federal Laws, and also accepted according to this Federal Law and other Federal Laws of regulatory legal acts and regulations of the Bank of Russia.
3. The organization of the address of digital currencies is performed only by persons specified in Articles 14 - the 18th this Federal Law (further - persons organizing the address of digital currencies), and the clearing organizations according to the requirements provided by this Federal Law, other Federal Laws, other regulatory legal acts, regulations of the Bank of Russia.
4. The organization of the address, accounting and the address of foreign digital tools in the Russian Federation are performed according to requirements of this Federal Law, other Federal Laws adopted according to this Federal Law and other Federal Laws of regulatory legal acts, regulations of the Bank of Russia established to the organization of the address, accounting and the address of digital currencies. Additional requirements to the organization of the address, accounting and the address of foreign digital tools can be established by the regulation of the Bank of Russia.
5. If other Federal Law, and also by the regulatory legal act adopted according to it or the regulation of the Bank of Russia governs the relations arising under the organization of the address, accounting and the address of digital currencies, and the corresponding Federal Law, other regulatory legal act, the regulation of the Bank of Russia does not provide other, established regulation is applied also to the relations arising under the organization of the address, accounting and the address of foreign digital tools.
6. In the Russian Federation it is forbidden to accept if other is not established by this Federal Law, digital currencies and the digital rights as instrument of payment, either counter provision, or the different way allowing to assume payment in digital currencies or the digital rights of goods, information and results of intellectual activities, including exclusive rights on them, the performed works, the rendered services.
7. The prohibition specified in part 6 of this Article does not extend to the following cases:
1) use of digital currencies and the digital rights as instrument of payment, either counter provision, or the different way allowing to assume payment in digital currencies or the digital rights according to agreements in foreign trade (contracts) which are concluded between residents and nonresidents and provide transfer of goods, information and results of intellectual activities, including exclusive rights on them, performance of works, rendering services (further - the agreement in foreign trade);
2) receipt of digital currencies as a result of mining of digital currencies and (or) obtaining by person performing mining of digital currencies (including the participant of mining-pool), person organizing activities of mining-pool, remuneration in digital currencies for confirmation of records in information system (including as a result of distribution of digital currencies among participants of mining-pool);
3) use of digital currencies for payment of the commissions provided by rules (technical features) of information system in which identifying addresses on which the specified digital currencies are considered are open;
4) use of digital currencies and the digital rights as instrument of payment, either counter provision, or the different way allowing to assume payment in digital currencies or the digital rights of securities, other digital currencies or other digital rights with observance of requirements of this Federal Law.
8. Action of provisions of Item 1 of part 7 of this Article, part 5 of Article 18, of Item 1 of part 8 of Article 21, of Item 2 of part 1 and part 7 of Article 30, of part 4, of Item 6 of part 5 and Item 1 of part 8 of article 31 of this Federal Law extends also to the resident who is the agent (the broker, the attorney) of person, signed the agreement in foreign trade when rendering the services connected with the conclusion, execution or the termination of the agreement in foreign trade or for the purpose of ensuring obligation fulfillment according to the agreement in foreign trade to them.
9. In the Russian Federation it is forbidden if other is not established by this Federal Law, distribution of information, including with advertizing use, about use of digital currencies and the digital rights as instrument of payment, either counter provision, or the different way allowing to assume payment in digital currencies or the digital rights of goods, information and results of intellectual activities, including exclusive rights on them, performance of works, rendering services.
10. The prohibition specified in part 9 of this Article is not applied to distribution of information on use of digital currencies and the digital rights as instrument of payment, either counter provision, or the different way allowing to assume payment in digital currencies or the digital rights in the cases established by part 7 of this Article.
11. In the Russian Federation it is not allowed to do offers and to invite to do offers about acquisition of digital currencies by persons according to which orders the broker according to article 31 of this Federal Law has no right to secure digital currencies.
12. In the Russian Federation public offers about acquisition of rights of digital currencies and the digital rights in exchange for securities are not allowed.
13. According to the Federal Law of July 31, 2020 No. 258-FZ "About experimental legal regimes in the field of digital and technological innovations in the Russian Federation" in the field of the legislation of the Russian Federation governing the relations specified regarding 1 this Article can be established the special regulation different from the regulation provided by provisions of this Federal Law. Such special regulation is established by the program of experimental legal regime in the field of digital and technological innovations approved by the regulation of the Bank of Russia according to the Federal Law of July 31, 2020 No. 258-FZ "About experimental legal regimes in the field of digital and technological innovations in the Russian Federation".
14. The decision on establishment of experimental legal regime in the field of digital and technological innovations and approval of the program of experimental legal regime in the field of digital and technological innovations provided by part 13 of this Article cannot change concept of debt digital financial assets.
15. The decision on establishment of experimental legal regime in the field of digital and technological innovations and approval of the program of experimental legal regime in the field of digital and technological innovations provided by part 13 of this Article is subject to approval of the federal executive body performing functions on counteraction of legalization (washing) of income gained in the criminal way, to financing of terrorism, extremist activities and financing of distribution of weapons of mass destruction and federal executive body in the field of safety.
16. Release, accounting and the circulation of issued securities from which rights are certified by the digital rights are regulated by the Federal Law of April 22, 1996 No. 39-FZ "About the security market" taking into account the features provided by this Federal Law.
17. Requirements of this Federal Law, except for requirements of article 21 of this Federal Law, do not extend to the address of non-cash, electronic money, and also to release, accounting and the address of bank entry securities.
18. The government of the Russian Federation in coordination with the Bank of Russia and federal executive body in the field of safety can set the specific mode of the organization of the address and address of digital currencies different from the regulation provided by this Federal Law, regulatory legal acts, regulations of the Bank of Russia for the purpose of protection of bases of the constitutional system, economic interests of the Russian Federation, ensuring defense of the country and safety of the state.
1. For the purpose of this Federal Law the following basic concepts are used:
1) digital currencies - the property which is provided by set of electronic data (the digital code or designation) containing in information system which is offered and (or) can be accepted as the instrument of payment which is not monetary unit of the Russian Federation, monetary unit of foreign state and (or) international cash or unit of account and (or) as investments and concerning which there is no person obliged before each owner of such property, except for the operator and (or) the nodes of information system obliged to provide only compliance of procedure for release and implementation concerning such property of actions for entering (change) of records into such information system to its rules;
2) the organization of the address of digital currencies - any of the following actions directed to the address of digital currencies:
a) provide transactions with digital currencies;
b) perform orders of the client on transactions with digital currencies;
c) exercise trust management of digital currencies;
d) perform accounting and transition of digital currencies, provision of access to identifying addresses;
e) perform exchange of digital currencies;
3) the address of digital currencies - transactions with digital currencies, the digital currencies involving transition from one owner to another, with participation of the subject of national payment system or providing transfer as counter provision according to such transactions:
a) the money which is on accounts in credit institutions, electronic money, considered by the operator of electronic money, digital rubles;
b) the securities considered on custody accounts (personal accounts) opened by depositary (the holder of the register of owners of securities), except for custody accounts of the foreign nominee holder and custody accounts of the foreign authorized holder;
c) the digital currencies and the digital rights considered on digital accounts, except for the digital accounts of the foreign nominee holder and digital accounts of the foreign authorized holder and on the identifying addresses administered by digital depositaries;
d) other property which is in the territory of the Russian Federation including cash and documentary securities;
4) the digital account - the account on which digital currencies and (or) the digital rights which opening and maintaining is performed according to this Federal Law, requirements of the Bank of Russia, and also conditions of implementation of activities of digital depositary or rules of information system of the operator of information system in which release of digital financial assets is performed are considered;
5) the identifying address - the unique sequence of symbols intended for accounting in information system of receipt and account transactions with digital currencies and the digital rights (accounting of digital currencies and the digital rights);
6) the identifying addresses administered by digital depositaries - identifying addresses, provision of access to which performs digital depositary, and identifying addresses on which digital currencies and the digital rights which accounting and transition performs digital depositary on digital accounts are considered;
7) key of access to the identifying address - the unique sequence of symbols which is unambiguously connected with the identifying address and is intended for receipt of access to the identifying address and confirmation of entering into information system of records about the order by digital currencies and the digital rights;
8) the distributed register - set of databases, identity of the containing information in which is provided on the basis of the established algorithms (algorithm) with nodes of information system;
9) nodes of information system - the users of information system on the basis of the distributed register providing identity of information containing in the specified information system with use of the procedures of confirmation of reality introduced in it (changed in it) the records (the protocol of confirmation);
10) mining of digital currencies - activities for carrying out mathematical calculations by operation technical and software and hardware for entering of records into the information system using technology, including technology of the distributed register, digital currencies aiming at release and (or) obtaining by person performing such activities, remunerations in digital currencies for confirmation of records in information system;
11) mining-pool - combination of capacities of several technical and the software and hardware belonging to different owners (further - participants of mining-pool) and the digital currencies used for the purposes of mining as a result of which distribution of the issued (received) digital currencies between participants of mining-pool is performed;
12) person organizing activities of mining-pool - person rendering to participants of mining-pool of service in combination of capacities of several technical and the software and hardware used for the purposes of mining of digital currencies as a result of which such person performs distribution of the issued (received) digital currencies between participants of mining-pool;
13) mayningovy infrastructure - the objects used for placement technical and the software and hardware used for implementation of the activities specified in Items 10 and 11 of this part including engineering facilities (electric utility service) and (or) specified technical and software and hardware;
14) the operator of mayningovy infrastructure - person rendering services in provision of mayningovy infrastructure for implementation of the activities specified in Items 10 and 11 of this part;
15) digital financial assets - the digital rights certifying monetary claims, the rights from issued securities, the rights of equity participation of non-public joint-stock company, the right to require provision of issued securities which are provided by the decision on release of the digital rights if they initially arose as the digital rights based on the decision on release of the digital rights and their placement was performed by the operator of information system in which release of digital financial assets is performed;
16) debt digital financial assets - the digital financial assets certifying exclusively monetary claims in the amount of the price of acquisition of digital financial assets in case of their placement and in the amount of the amounts of periodical payments (payment) at the same time such digital financial assets shall conform to requirements of part 14 of article 6 of this Federal Law, and also the conditions specified in the decision on their release according to part 15 of article 7 of this Federal Law;
17) digital shares - the digital financial assets certifying the rights of equity participation of non-public joint-stock company;
18) the utilitarian digital rights - the digital rights certifying the right to require provision of thing (things) except for of the right to require provision of the thing (things) specified (specified) in parts 20 of article 7 of this Federal Law, the right to require provision of exclusive rights on results of intellectual activities and (or) rights to use of results of intellectual activities, the right to require performance of works and (or) rendering services if they are initially placed as the digital rights based on the decision on release of the digital rights and their placement was performed by the operator of information system in which release of digital financial assets is performed;
19) the hybrid digital rights - the digital rights including at the same time digital financial assets and the utilitarian digital rights if they are initially placed as the digital rights based on the decision on release of the digital rights and their placement was performed by the operator of information system in which release of digital financial assets is performed;
20) the foreign digital tool - the property representing liability and other laws which placement is performed not according to Russian law in the information system organized not according to Russian law, except for the foreign securities relating according to the personal law of person obliged on them to securities;
21) the non-deliverable foreign digital tool - the foreign digital tool certifying exclusively monetary claims;
22) placement of the digital rights - introduction of records on digital accounts or on identifying addresses from which the digital rights result;
23) the operator of information system in which release of digital financial assets is performed (further - the operator), - the legal entity included by the Bank of Russia in the register of operators of information systems in whom release of digital financial assets is performed;
24) information system of the operator - information system in which are performed placement, accounting and transition of the digital rights on digital accounts;
25) release of the digital rights - set of all digital rights which arose based on one decision on release of the digital rights;
26) the issuer of the digital rights - the legal entity, the individual entrepreneur, federal executive body, executive body of the subject of the Russian Federation or local government body which bear on its own behalf or on behalf of public legal entity of the obligation to owners of the digital rights;
27) disclosure of information by the operator - ensuring availability of information with the operator everything to persons interested in it irrespective of the purposes of receipt of information according to the procedure guaranteeing its stay and obtaining by placement of information in open entry on the Internet on the official site of the operator specified in rules of information system.
2. The concepts "resident" and "nonresident" are used in this Federal Law in the values determined by the Federal Law of December 10, 2003 No. 173-FZ "About currency control and currency exchange control".
3. The concept "digital rights" is used in this Federal Law in the value determined by the Civil code of the Russian Federation.
4. Other concepts and terms of the civil legislation, other industries of the legislation of the Russian Federation used in this Federal Law are used in values in what they are used in these industries if other is not provided by this Federal Law.
1. The physical persons registered according to the Federal Law of August 8, 2001 No. 129-FZ "About state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs" as individual entrepreneurs, legal entities whose personal law is Russian law have the right to perform mining of digital currencies (including to participate in mining-bullet) from the moment of inclusion in the register of persons performing mining of digital currencies.
2. Physical persons - the citizens of the Russian Federation who are not individual entrepreneurs, having the right to perform mining of digital currencies (including to participate in mining-bullet) provided that the consumed energy when implementing such activities does not exceed the limits of energy consumption set by the Government of the Russian Federation.
3. It is forbidden to perform mining of digital currencies (including as participants of mining-pool) to the physical persons who are individual entrepreneurs who have not removed or unspent conviction for crimes in the field of economy, crimes against the government or for the intentional crimes of average weight, serious crimes, especially serious crimes included in the stipulated in Article 6 Federal Laws of August 7, 2001 in No. 115-FZ "About counteraction of legalization (washing) of income gained in the criminal way and to terrorism financing" the list of the organizations and physical persons concerning which there are data on their participation in extremist activities or terrorism or in constituted within realization of the powers provided by Chapter VII of the Charter of the UN, the UN Security Council or bodies which are specially created by decisions of the UN Security Council, lists of the organizations and physical persons connected with the terrorist organizations and terrorists or with distribution of weapons of mass destruction or on which the interdepartmental coordinating body performing functions on counteraction to financing of terrorism and extremist activities makes the decision on freezing (blocking) of money or other property, and also legal entities if they are or their founders (participants), beneficial owners, sole executive body do not conform to the requirements to goodwill specified in this part. This Federal Law, by other Federal Laws the prohibition on implementation by legal entities of mining of digital currencies can be established (including as participants of mining-pool).
4. The government of the Russian Federation in coordination with the Bank of Russia has the right to establish other requirements to activities of persons performing mining of digital currencies (including participants of mining-pool).
5. Legal entities whose personal law is Russian law, and the physical persons registered according to the Federal Law of August 8, 2001 No. 129-FZ "About state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs" as the individual entrepreneurs having the right to perform activities of the operator of mayningovy infrastructure from the moment of inclusion in the register of operators of mayningovy infrastructure.
6. The government of the Russian Federation has the right to establish requirements to activities of the operator of mayningovy infrastructure, nature and amount of the services rendered to them.
7. The operator of mayningovy infrastructure has no right to render services in provision of mayningovy infrastructure for implementation of the activities specified in Items 10 and 11 of part 1 of article 2 of this Federal Law, to the faces specified regarding 1 this Article and not included in the register of persons performing mining of digital currencies, or excluded from the specified register.
8. Maintaining the register of persons performing mining of digital currencies, and the register of operators of mayningovy infrastructure including introduction in them of data, change of data, exception of data of the specified registers, decision making about refusal in entering into the specified registers of data, is performed by the federal executive body performing functions on control and supervision of compliance with law about taxes and fees, according to the procedure and on the bases which are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
9. The federal executive body performing functions on control and supervision of compliance with law about taxes and fees in case of numerous violation within one year by person performing mining of digital currencies (including the participant of mining-pool), requirements, stipulated in Item 1 article 7.1 of the Federal Law of August 7, 2001 No. 115-FZ "About counteraction of legalization (washing) of income gained in the criminal way and to terrorism financing", and (or) violation of requirements of regulatory legal acts, numerous within one year, published according to the specified Federal Law, and (or) violation of other requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation to persons performing mining of digital currencies makes the decision on exception of person performing mining of digital currencies (including the participant of mining-pool), from the register of persons performing mining of digital currencies.
10. The government of the Russian Federation in coordination with the Bank of Russia establishes other cases of exception of person performing mining of digital currencies (including the participant of mining-pool), from the register of persons performing mining of digital currencies.
11. Person performing mining of digital currencies (including the participant of mining-pool), shall provide information on receipt of digital currencies in case of release (obtaining) of digital currencies as a result of mining of digital currencies, and also about the identifying address, including the mining-pool identifying address, in the federal executive body performing functions on control and supervision of compliance with law about taxes and fees, according to the procedure, amount and terms which are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
12. The federal executive body performing functions on control and supervision of compliance with law about taxes and fees provides information provided by part 11 of this Article in the federal executive body performing functions on counteraction of legalization (washing) of income gained in the criminal way, to financing of terrorism, extremist activities and financing of distribution of weapons of mass destruction and the Bank of Russia according to the procedure, amount and terms which are provided by the agreement signed between them.
1. Can be person organizing activities of mining-pool the legal entity whose personal law is Russian law, and the physical person registered according to the Federal Law of August 8, 2001 No. 129-FZ "About state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs" as the individual entrepreneur.
2. Person organizing activities of mining-pool can perform mining of digital currencies at the same time.
3. Person organizing activities of mining-pool shall conform to requirements imposed according to part 3 of article 3 of this Federal Law to persons performing mining of digital currencies.
4. The government of the Russian Federation has the right to establish requirements to mining-pool, and also to person organizing activities of mining-pool.
1. The government of the Russian Federation in the cases established by it and procedure has the right to establish prohibition or restriction for implementation of mining of digital currencies (including on participation in mining-bullet) in certain subjects of the Russian Federation or in their separate territories.
2. Control (supervision) of observance of the requirements specified in parts 3, of 4, of the 6 and 11 article 3 and part 4 of article 4 of this Federal Law performs the federal executive body performing functions on control and supervision of compliance with law about taxes and fees.
3. Control (supervision) of observance of requirements imposed according to part 3 of article 4 of this Federal Law to persons organizing activities of mining-pool performs the authorized body determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
1. Activities of the operator rendering services in placement of the digital rights and to provision of access to information system of the operator for implementation of the digital rights and the order the digital rights, including for their transfer, pledge, encumbrance by other methods or restriction of the order with the digital rights is recognized.
2. The operator performs the activities according to the Federal Laws, regulations of the Bank of Russia, and also with rules of information system of the operator.
3. Rules of information system of the operator contain:
1) conditions of rendering services in placement of the digital rights;
2) requirements to issuers of the digital rights;
3) requirements to users of information system of the operator;
4) methods of accounting of the digital rights in information system of the operator, and also entering (change) of records about the digital rights into information system of the operator;
5) rules of provision of access to users to information system of the operator (including rules of use of the program technical means used in information system of the operator for ensuring provision of access);
6) procedure and methods of placement of the digital rights;
7) specifying on possibility of placement of the digital rights in the information system organized not according to Russian law and also procedure and methods of implementation of such placement (on condition of adoption of the relevant decision by the operator);
8) specifying on possibility of transfer in the information system organized not according to Russian law, the digital rights issued in information system of the operator and also procedure and methods of implementation of such transfer (on condition of adoption of the relevant decision by the operator);
9) rules of modification of algorithms of programs of information system of the operator;
10) rules of maintaining the register of owners of securities, including terms of implementation of transactions in the register of owners of securities if the operator performs accounting of share rights of the non-public joint-stock company which placed the digital shares;
11) specifying on the fact that the operator perfroms calculations for the transactions made with use of electronic platform by transfer between beneficiaries according to one nominal account of the money belonging to them without change of balance in cash according to the nominal account (further - activities of the operator of electronic platform) (in case of rendering these services by the operator);
12) conditions of rendering services in providing the conclusion of contracts with the digital rights (in case of rendering these services by the operator);
13) rules of use of the nominal account in case of implementation of agreement settlements, concluded with use of electronic platform (in case of rendering these services by the operator);
14) specifying on the fact that the operator promotes the conclusion of contracts with the digital rights by collection and comparison of multidirectional requests for the conclusion of the specified agreements or signs the specified agreements at own expense for the benefit of the third parties, including by use of information technologies for the conclusion of the agreements providing execution by the parties of the obligations arising from them in case of approach of certain circumstances without separately expressed additional declaration of will of the parties directed to obligation fulfillment (in case of rendering these services by the operator);
15) requirements to information security and operational reliability;
16) other provisions, stipulated by the legislation Russian Federation.
4. The operator has the right to provide other provisions which do not contradict provisions, stipulated by the legislation the Russian Federation in rules of information system of the operator.
5. The Bank of Russia has the right to establish additional requirements to rules of information system of the operator.
6. The rules of information system of the operator made to them changes and terms of their introduction in force are subject to placement on the official site of the operator specified in rules of information system of the operator on the Internet. The changes made to rules of information system of the operator become effective not earlier than in 15 working days after day of their placement on the specified official site of the operator on the Internet.
7. According to the service provision agreement of placement of the digital rights the operator shall according to rules of information system of the operator render the services connected with placement of the digital rights, to the issuer of the digital rights, and the issuer of the digital rights shall pay the specified services if other is not stipulated by the legislation the Russian Federation.
8. The conclusion of the service provision agreement of placement of the digital rights is performed by joining of the issuer of the digital rights to rules of information system of the operator. The operator has the right to perform placement of the digital rights which issuer is, according to rules of information system of the operator.
9. The issuer of the digital rights has the right to refuse unilaterally the service provision agreement of placement of the digital rights only in case of absence at it unexecuted obligations under the specified agreement, and also obligations by the digital rights.
10. Introduction of records in case of placement of the digital rights is performed by the operator on specifying of the issuer of the digital rights according to the decision on release of the digital rights.
11. The operator has the right to place the digital rights on digital accounts in information system of the operator, including on digital accounts of the nominee holder, digital accounts of the foreign nominee holder, digital accounts of the foreign authorized holder, digital accounts of the trustee and (or) on identifying addresses.
12. In the case provided by rules of information system of the operator, one part of the digital rights constituting one release can be placed on digital accounts in information system of the operator, and other part of the same release of the digital rights - on identifying addresses.
13. Placement of the digital rights on identifying addresses is performed by the operator only on condition of carrying out by it according to requirements of the Federal Law of August 7, 2001 No. 115-FZ "About counteraction of legalization (washing) of the income, acquired in the criminal way, and to terrorism financing" identifications of persons who signed agreements on acquisition of rights of the digital rights in case of their placement.
14. Debt digital financial assets can be placed only after complete payment of the price of their acquisition. Payment method of debt digital financial assets is payment only by money. The obligations certified by debt digital financial assets are performed only by money transfer.
15. The operator shall provide impossibility of transfer of the digital rights intended for skilled investors to the digital account of the owner opened for resident which has no right to acquire such digital rights due to the lack at it the status of the skilled investor, except for the following cases:
1) transfer of the digital rights is performed in pursuance of the transaction made by the broker;
2) transfer of the digital rights is performed in accordance with the terms of the trust management agreement;
3) the enlisted digital rights are acquired according to the procedure of universal succession;
4) the enlisted digital rights are acquired as a result of the Section of jointly acquired property of spouses;
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Disclaimer! This text was translated by AI translator and is not a valid juridical document. No warranty. No claim. More info
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