LAND CODE OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

of July 18, 2025 No. 149

Accepted by Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic on June 4, 2025

This Code governs land relations in the Kyrgyz Republic, the origin bases, procedure and the terminations of land rights and their registration, transfer (transformation) of lands, and also is aimed at the development of the land and market relations in the conditions of the state-owned, municipal and private property on the earth, rational use of the earth and its protection.

Section I. Basic provisions

Chapter 1. General provisions

Article 1. Land legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic

1. Land relations in the Kyrgyz Republic are governed by the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, this Code, the Civil code of the Kyrgyz Republic, resolutions of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic and other regulatory legal acts of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of land use.

2. The regulations of the land right containing in other regulatory legal acts shall correspond to this Code.

3. In case of contradiction of the regulations of the land right containing in regulatory legal acts, to provisions of the Land code provisions of this Code are applied.

4. The relations on use and protection of subsoil, forest and water resources, plant and animal life, atmospheric air are regulated by the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic in the respective spheres.

Article 2. The concepts applied in this Code

In this Code the following concepts are applied:

1) the degraded parcels of land of agricultural purpose - the parcels of land which lost the initial useful properties to the condition excluding possibility of their effective use on purpose;

2) the State fund of agricultural holdings - the parcels of land created from agricultural holdings (except for pastures) and being in state-owned property;

3) compensation of losses of agricultural and/or forestry and landscape production - the amount paid by provision or transfer of agricultural or forest holdings in other categories of lands or types of grounds which are not connected with agricultural and forestry and landscape production;

4) agricultural holdings - the parcels of land used for production of agricultural products, namely ploughland (irrigated, bogharic), the deposits, lands occupied with long-term plantings (gardens, berry-pickers, vineyards, nurseries, mulberries), haymakings and pastures;

5) nonagricultural grounds - the parcels of land carried to lands of all categories and consisting of the following types of grounds: garden plots; seasonal dachas; forest lands (woods, forest belts); lands under trees and bushes; the lands which are under water (swamps, the rivers, streams, lakes, water storage basins, ponds, channels, collectors, glaciers); lands under roads, skotoprogona, constructions (buildings, constructions, storages for silo and haylage, settlers, shelters, building sites, ruins), the yards, streets; the destroyed lands; other lands (the sands, stony lands, ravines, breaks, holes, barrows, lands abounding with crushed stone, landslides, taluses, clays, rocks, cemeteries, and also the lands which are under garbage dump);

6) lost profit - the uncollected income which the owner or the land user could receive in case of usual conditions of civil circulation;

7) unproductive agricultural holdings - agricultural holdings with point of site class of soils not higher than 20 or productivity in fodder units of less 0,8 of c/hectare (for haymakings and pastures), adverse in the meliorative relation and the requiring holding actions for their improvement;

8) specially authorized state body - the state body in the field of regulation of land relations determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic (further - the Cabinet of Ministers);

9) the garden seasonal dacha - the parcel of land provided to citizens before enforcement of this Code for cultivation of agricultural products and country construction;

10) communication constructions - the objects of engineering infrastructure (including the equipment of base stations of mobile cellular communication, antenna and mast constructions, antenna-feeder devices, linearly - cable constructions of communication) created or adapted for investment of funds of communication, systems linearly - cable communication, both capital construction projects, and not being those;

11) the master plan - one of types of town-planning documentation on perspective town-planning development planning of the territories of city and rural settlements;

12) branch strip - the parcels of land (irrespective of category of lands) intended for placement of linear constructions (highways, rail lines, railway tracks, oil pipelines, gas pipelines and other pipelines) and their structural elements, necessary for operation and reconstruction;

13) pastures - type of the agricultural holdings covered with grassy vegetation, used in the form of pasture for pasture of the cattle and other purposes;

14) use of pastures in other purposes - use of pasturable resources in other purposes, except cattle pasture to which conducting hunting, beekeeping, collection of officinal herbs, fruits and berries, procurement of hay and fuel, mining, installation of constructions of communication of easy design, collection points and primary conversion of milk and Items of artificial insemination of the cattle, tourism and rest of citizens belong;

15) withdrawal of the parcel of land - apportionment (allocation) of the parcel of land with establishment and fixing of its borders on the area based on the decision of authorized body;

16) cultural pastures - sites of pastures on which superficial improvement is carried out good herbage by crops of forage crops is created, systematic leaving and application of fertilizers is carried out, zagonny (portion) pasturage of the cattle is performed;

17) pasturable grounds of long-term use - the pasturable grounds which are earlier provided (till June, 1999) in long-term use to the former kolkhozes and sovkhozes of areas and areas of the Kyrgyz Republic, located in administrative borders of other areas and areas;

18) pastbishchepolzovatel - the physical persons and legal entities of the Kyrgyz Republic having the right to use pastures;

19) the pasturable ticket - the document granting the right to use pastures for cattle pasture;

20) the plan for management of pastures and their use - the plan for 5 years on management and use of the pastures which are in state-owned property;

21) pasturable infrastructure - buildings, constructions, bridges, roads, skotoostanovochny and vodopoyny platforms, holes for Kupka of sheep, pens and the fenced-off places intended for needs of the grazed cattle and accommodation of cattle breeders and also other real estate necessary for content and functioning of pastures;

22) the annual plan of use of pastures - the plan determining the permitted and approved use of the pastures which are in management of executive body of local self-government;

23) superficial improvement of pastures - action for improvement of pastures by creation of cultural pastures without destruction of the upper layer of pasturable grounds;

24) improvement of pastures - system of the actions directed to increase in harvest and quality of pastures;

25) improvement of pasturable infrastructure - the actions directed to reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation, construction of facilities of pasturable infrastructure;

26) pastures of radical improvement - the agricultural holdings covered with grassy vegetation, created by destruction of sod and the subsequent grassing;

27) land fund - all lands which are in borders of the Kyrgyz Republic;

28) the parcel of land - real estate which represents part of the land surface of certain area in the closed borders;

29) the lands provided for use of natural resources - the parcels of land provided to the subsoil user for the development of minerals performed based on the license for mineral right, the concession treaty, the production sharing agreement and state registration, stipulated by the legislation the Kyrgyz Republic, and construction of facilities of infrastructure (roads, the field camp and warehouses from easy structure, power line (power transmission line) and other infrastructure facilities used only for the purpose of subsurface use) determined in graphical documentation in rectangular system of coordinates by its angular points;

30) categories of lands - the lands used or held for use for the same purpose;

31) the right to the parcel of land - the property right to the parcel of land or the right termless (without specifying of term) or urgent (temporary) use of the parcel of land;

32) right to use by the parcel of land which is in the state-owned or municipal property - the right on termless (without specifying of term) or urgent (temporary) use of the parcel of land which is in the state-owned or municipal property;

33) the property right to the parcel of land - the right of physical persons and legal entities of the Kyrgyz Republic recognized and protected by the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, this Code and other regulatory legal acts of the Kyrgyz Republic to own, use and dispose at discretion of the parcel of land belonging to them with the restrictions set by this Code;

34) the owner of the parcel of land - physical person or legal entity, the right to which parcel of land is registered in the Unified State Register of Rights on real estate;

35) provision of the rights to the parcel of land - provision by authorized body in property or use to physical persons and legal entities of the parcel of land which is in the state-owned or municipal property;

36) types of grounds - agricultural or nonagricultural holdings;

37) the land user - physical person or legal entity, right to use by the parcel of land to which it is granted or transferred in termless (without specifying of term) or urgent (temporary) use;

38) the land user state - the state bodies, the state companies, public institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic which received the parcel of land in termless (without specifying of term) or urgent (temporary) use;

39) the land user municipal - the municipal companies, local government bodies, organizations, the organizations which received the parcel of land in termless (without specifying of term) or urgent (temporary) use;

40) land and cadastral documentation - the data in electronic and/or paper type including location, quantitative and high-quality condition of land grounds by айыл okmota, regions, the cities, the cities of republican value and in general on the republic and also the documents of title changing purpose of the parcels of land;

41) state body in the field of protection of lands - district public administrations and bodies in the field of land control and supervision;

42) object of the facilitated type - the non-stationary or non-capital object representing shoddy construction or temporary design, the platform which is not connected firmly with the parcel of land irrespective of functional purpose and connection to networks of engineering facilities or lack of such connection;

43) recultivation of lands - complex of the technical, meliorative, agrotechnical and other actions directed to recovery of biological productivity and economic value of the broken and contaminated land including by elimination of effects of pollution of the soil, recovery of fertile layer of earth and creation of protective forest plantings;

44) purpose of lands - use of the parcels of land for the purpose of specified in the documents certifying the rights to the parcel of land in the agreement or other documents of title;

45) roadside strip - the parcels of land adjoining on both sides to strip of withdrawal of the highway in which borders the specific mode of their use for the purpose of providing safety requirements of traffic, and also the corresponding conditions of reconstruction, capital repairs of the highway, its safety taking into account development perspectives is set;

46) buildings and constructions - any structures and constructions firmly connected with the earth which movement is impossible without disproportionate damage to their appointment, including apartments, non-residential premises in the apartment house;

47) cadastral assessment - the real estate object value assessment which is carried out by authorized state body for determination of cadastral cost of objects and establishment of efficiency of use of lands for the purpose of conducting the state cadastral registration, calculation of rates of the land tax, compensation of agricultural and forestry and landscape losses and losses;

48) the cadastral plan - the document certifying the right to the parcel of land comprising identification code of real estate, category of lands, type of grounds, purpose, the area, location and the address of real estate, graphical representation (plan) of unit of real estate in scale, coordinates of the parcel of land, data on state registration of the rights and encumbrances (restrictions) of the rights to real estate and transactions with it, the information about the owner;

49) social and state needs - the requirements connected with ensuring national security, environmental protection and objects of historical and cultural heritage, placement and servicing of objects of social, production, transport, energy, engineering and architectural and construction infrastructure, development of mineral deposits, implementation of international treaties of the Kyrgyz Republic;

50) personal plot - the parcel of land allocated by public authorities or local self-government for citizens for individual housing construction and maintaining household (gardening, housekeeping);

51) the parcel of land in case of the apartment house - the site including the territory adjacent to the house including green plantings, economic, children's and sports grounds, the platforms equipped for collection of municipal solid waste and other sites which borders are determined by regulatory legal acts of the Kyrgyz Republic;

52) the lands occupied with long-term plantings - the agricultural holdings used under artificially created wood plantings, bushes (without the forest area) intended for receipt of fruit and berry products;

53) the greenhouse - the construction intended for cultivation, reproduction and preserving crops (vegetable, melon, decorative, tropical, subtropical and other cultures), carrying out the scientific research and other purposes which are not contradicting the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic;

54) the Unified State Register of Rights on real estate (EGRP) - the code of the systematized data on units of the real estate existing and the stopped rights and encumbrances (restrictions) of the rights, and also owners whose rights are registered in local registration authorities;

55) deposit - agricultural holding which was used under ploughland and more than one year earlier since the fall, is not used for sowing of agricultural crops and is not prepared under vapors within 3 years;

56) the subject of the Kyrgyz Republic - the physical person or legal entity registered in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic which possesses these or those rights and obligations to the parcel of land with the restrictions set by this Code;

57) soil and meliorative condition - assessment of high-quality condition of soils of lands for production of agricultural products;

58) authorized body - the bodies specified in Articles 17-24 of this Code;

59) the state land cadastre - the component of single system of the state land cadastres representing the systematized collection of data and documents on natural, economic characteristics and legal regime of lands in the Kyrgyz Republic, their categories, location, the sizes, borders of the parcels of land, the text description of structure of land grounds, quantities, qualities of lands and their assessment;

60) the agreement on public-private partnership - the cooperation between the state and private partners determining the rights, obligations, responsibility of the parties and other sales terms of the project of public-private partnership;

61) скотопрогон - the road intended for cattle run;

62) the earth of especially protected natural and historical and cultural territories - the sites of the territories and/or water areas which are including natural complexes or natural or artificially arisen separate natural objects having priority nature protection, scientific, cultural, esthetic, improving and historical and cultural value which are national property, fully or partially, constantly or temporarily excluded from economic activity for which the specific mode of protection and use is set;

63) especially valuable lands - intensively used agricultural holdings (the irrigated ploughland, bogharic ploughland, lands occupied with long-term fruit plantings (gardens, berry-pickers, vineyards, nurseries, mulberries), deposits, cultural pastures, pastures of radical improvement, haymakings of radical improvement), the lands occupied with the protective woods and the green plantings equated to them, the earth of residential and green suburbs, experienced and experimental fields (polygons) of research establishments and educational institutions;

64) optimum loading of pastures - quantity of the cattle per acre on which the cattle pasture without causing damage to botanical composition of pasturable herbage, its performance and ecological integrity of pastures is possible;

65) market value - the most probable price at which object of assessment can be aloof in the public market in the conditions of the competition when the parties of the transaction are effective reasonably, having all information, and no force majeure exert impact on the size of transaction price;

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