RESOLUTION OF THE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

of December 21, 2000 No. 52

About approval of service regulations of car tires

According to the resolution of Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus of February 23, 1994 No. 97 "About approval of the Regulations on the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus" (Collection of the orders of the Government of the Republic of Belarus, 1994, No. 6, Art. 81; Collection of presidential decrees and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, 1996, No. 5, Art. 129; No. 21, Art. 520; 1997, No. 11, the Art. 403) the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus decides the Collection of decrees, presidential decrees and orders of the Government of the Republic of Belarus:

1. Approve the enclosed Service regulations of car tires.

2. Consider No. 55-Ts which voided the order of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus of March 19, 1998 "About enforcement of Service regulations of car tires".

Approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus of December 21, 2000 No. 52

Service regulations of car tires

Chapter 1. General information about pneumatic tires

1. The pneumatic tire - the elastic cover intended for installation on rim of wheel and filled by gas or air under pressure.

Tire of the pneumatic tire - the toroobrazny cover of the pneumatic tire which is directly perceiving the efforts operating in case of operation.

Pneumatic tires belong to the basic elements of running gear of the vehicle (further - TS) working in extremely difficult conditions. They perceive the normal, tangential and side loadings arising in case of operation of TS as a result of its contact with carriageway. Besides, tires provide mitigation of the TS of traction and brake forces arising in case of movement, coupling of wheels with the road, stability, controllability and traffic safety, the set load-carrying capacity, dynamic characteristics and smoothness of the course, passability in different road conditions, influence fuel consumption and external noise of the vehicle. Therefore tires shall have big elasticity, durability and wear resistance, it is good to resist attrition of protector and repeated difficult deformations.

Car tires share to destination, to method of sealing, design, profile form, the drawing of protector, dimensions.

2. To destination car tires differentiate:

- tires pneumatic for cars (GOST 4754) which are applied on cars, light cargo vehicles, buses of especially small capacity and trail cars to them according to appendix 1 *;

- tires pneumatic for cargo vehicles (GOST 5513) which are applied on cargo vehicles, buses, trolleybuses, trail cars and semitrailer trucks according to appendix 1;

- tires for cargo vehicles with the regulated pressure of air (GOST 13298) which are used on the cargo all-wheel drive vehicles using soft soil in cross-country conditions according to appendix 2.

3. Are divided by method of sealing of the tire on:

- chamber tires in which the air cavity is formed by the pressurizing camera;

- tubeless tires in which the air cavity is formed by tire and rim of wheel. Sealing of air cavity is reached at the expense of the pressurizing layer of rubber having the increased gas-tightness caused on internal surface of tire.

In comparison with chamber tires tubeless tires have the following main advantages:

- the increased safety as a result of lack of instant depressurization of air cavity;

- smaller idle time of the car in transit in case of repair of tires because of their punctures;

- lower heating of tires during movement;

- the lowered resistance to swing;

- smaller mass of the tire.

The chamber tire for the cargo vehicle consists of tire, the riding camera with the gate and obodny tape, and the chamber tire for the car - of tire and the riding camera with the gate according to appendix 3.

The tire and the gate inserted into rim according to appendix 3 enter set of the tubeless tire for cargo or the car.

4. Are divided by design of the tire on:

- diagonal;

- radial.

In diagonal tires according to appendix 4 threads of cord of framework and breaker cross in adjacent layers, and the tilt angle of threads on the middle of racetrack in framework and breaker constitutes 45-60 °.

In radial tires according to appendix 4 threads of cord in all layers of framework on middle part of racetrack have the tilt angle close to zero, i.e. cord threads in adjacent layers are parallel each other or are crossed at a small angle. Such arrangement of threads of cord is called meridional or radial, it gives to framework elasticity.

Tires have the following main parts according to appendix 4:

- framework - tire basis with one or several layers of the rubberized cord from thin steel provolok (metal cord) or fibers from natural or synthetic materials;

- breaker - the internal detail of tire consisting of layers of the rubberized metal or other cord. The breaker is located between framework and protector and intended for mitigation of the shock loads of the tire arising in case of movement of the vehicle on the road;

- protector - the outside rubber running part of tire with the drawing providing coupling with the road and protecting framework from damages;

- tire board - the tough part of the pneumatic tire providing its fixture on wheel rim;

- sidewall - the outside rubber part of tire on side surface (from protector to onboard part) protecting framework from side outside damages.

In breaker of radial tires of thread of cord in adjacent layers are crossed with each other, and also with threads of cord of the adjoining framework layer, i.e. they are located diagonalno at an angle at least 65 °. Besides, these tires unlike diagonal have framework with smaller number of layers of cord (including metal), powerful breaker (steel-cord is more often) that provides them smaller district deformation when swing and smaller slipping of protector in contact with paving. Radial tires have also lowered heat generation and smaller losses on swing, big service life, maintain higher permissible load, speed.

Radial tires are issued three types: with metal cord in framework and breaker, with nylon or viscose cord in framework and metal cord in breaker and with viscose cord in framework and breaker.

The cord represents the rubberized fabric consisting of thick threads in basis and thin rare threads on duck. The cord is the main fabric of which make framework and breaker.

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