THE ORDER OF THE FEDERAL SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON ECOLOGICAL, TECHNOLOGY AND ATOMIC SUPERVISION

of December 17, 2015 No. 522

About approval of federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of nuclear power plants"

According to article 6 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ "About use of atomic energy" (The Russian Federation Code, 1995, No. 48, Art. 4552; 1997, No. 7, Art. 808; 2001, No. 29, Art. 2949; 2002, No. 1, Art. 2; No. 13, Art. 1180; 2003, No. 46, Art. 4436; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2006, No. 52, Art. 5498; 2007, No. 7, Art. 834; No. 49, Art. 6079; 2008, No. 29, Art. 3418; No. 30, Art. 3616; 2009, No. 1, Art. 17; No. 52, Art. 6450; 2011, No. 29, Art. 4281; No. 30, Art. 4590, Art. 4596; No. 45, Art. 6333; No. 48, Art. 6732; No. 49, Art. 7025; 2012, No. 26, Art. 3446; 2013, No. 27, the Art. 3451), subitem 5.2.2.1 of Item 5 of the Regulations on Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2004 No. 401 (The Russian Federation Code, 2004, No. 32, Art. 3348; 2006, No. 5, Art. 544; No. 23, Art. 2527; No. 52, Art. 5587; 2008, No. 22, Art. 2581; No. 46, Art. 5337; 2009, No. 6, Art. 738; No. 33, Art. 4081; No. 49, Art. 5976; 2010, No. 9, Art. 960; No. 26, Art. 3350; No. 38, Art. 4835; 2011, No. 6, Art. 888; No. 14, Art. 1935; No. 41, Art. 5750; No. 50, Art. 7385; 2012, No. 29, Art. 4123; No. 42, Art. 5726; 2013, No. 12, Art. 1343; No. 45, Art. 5822; 2014, No. 2, Art. 108; No. 35, Art. 4773; 2015, No. 2, Art. 491; to No. 4, of the Art. 661), I order:

Approve the enclosed federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of nuclear power plants" (NP-001-15).

Approved by the Order of the Federal Service of the Russian Federation on ecological, technology and atomic supervision of December 17, 2015 No. 522

Federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of nuclear power plants" (NP-001-15)

I. Basic provisions

1.1. Appointment and scope

1.1.1. These federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of nuclear power plants" (are developed by NP-001-15) (further - General provisions) according to article 6 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ "About use of atomic energy" (The Russian Federation Code, 1995, No. 48, Art. 4552; 1997, No. 7, Art. 808; 2001, No. 29, Art. 2949; 2002, No. 1, Art. 2; No. 13, Art. 1180; 2003, No. 46, Art. 4436; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2006, No. 52, Art. 5498; 2007, No. 7, Art. 834; No. 49, Art. 6079; 2008, No. 29, Art. 3418; No. 30, Art. 3616; 2009, No. 1, Art. 17; No. 52, Art. 6450; 2011, No. 29, Art. 4281; No. 30, Art. 4590, Art. 4596; No. 45, Art. 6333; No. 48; Art. 6732; No. 49, Art. 7025; 2012, No. 26, Art. 3446; 2013, No. 27, the Art. 3451), the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 1, 1997 No. 1511 "About approval of the Regulations on development and approval of federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy" (The Russian Federation Code, 1997, No. 49, Art. 5600; 1999, No. 27, Art. 3380; 2000, No. 28, Art. 2981; 2002, No. 4, Art. 325; No. 44, Art. 4392; 2003, No. 40, Art. 3899; 2005, No. 23, Art. 2278; 2006, No. 50, Art. 5346; 2007, No. 14, Art. 1692; No. 46, Art. 5583; 2008, No. 15, Art. 1549; 2012, No. 51, Art. 7203) also establish the safety requirements specific to nuclear power plant as source of radiative effects on personnel, population and environment.

1.1.2. General provisions establish the purposes and the main criteria of safety of nuclear power plants, and also the basic principles and general requirements to the technical and organizational measures directed to achievement of safety. The sales amount of these principles and measures shall meet federal standards and rules of use of atomic energy. In the absence of necessary regulatory legal acts the proposed specific technical solutions are proved according to the modern level of development of science, the equipment and production.

1.1.3. These General provisions extend to all stages of complete lifecycle of nuclear power plants established by the legislation in the field of use of atomic energy.

1.1.4. The procedure for reduction of nuclear power plants in compliance with General provisions, including terms and amount of necessary actions, is determined in each case in the conditions of action of the license for placement, construction, operation or conclusion from operation.

1.1.5. The list of reducings is given in appendix No. 1, terms and determinations - in appendix No. 2 to these General provisions.

1.2. Main criteria and principles of safety

1.2.1. The EXPERT meets safety requirements if the following conditions are complied:

radiative effects of AS on personnel, the population and the environment in case of normal operation and violations of normal operation before project accidents inclusive do not lead to exceeding of the established doses of radiation of personnel and the population, standard rates on emissions and dumpings;

radiative effects of AS on personnel, the population and the environment are limited in case of beyond design basis accidents;

the probability of origin on AS of accidents is limited.

1.2.2. Safety of AS is reached due to high-quality designing, designing and production of the equipment, placement, construction and operation of AS by means of observance of requirements of the Federal Laws, federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy, forming and maintenance of culture of safety, accounting of operating experience and the modern level of development of science, the equipment and production.

1.2.3. Admissible limits of doses of radiation of personnel of AS and admissible limits of doses of radiation of the population for normal operation and violations of normal operation, including accidents, values of maximum permissible emissions of radioactive materials in atmospheric air and admissible dumpings of radioactive materials into water objects are established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Radiation levels as a result of emission and dumping of radioactive materials with AS shall be below the set limits and at reasonably achievable low level.

1.2.4. Safety of AS shall be ensured due to consecutive realization of the protection in depth based on use of system of physical barriers on the way of distribution of ionizing radiation and radioactive materials to the environment, and systems of technical and organizational measures for protection of barriers and to preserving their efficiency and also on protection of personnel, the population and the environment.

The system of physical barriers of the AS block shall include: reactor heat carrier contour border, hermetic barrier of RU and biological protection, and also, as a rule, fuel matrix and cover of TVEL.

The system of technical and organizational measures shall form five levels of protection in depth and include the following levels.

Level 1. Conditions of placement of AS and prevention of violations of normal operation:

assessment and choice of the platform suitable for placement of AS;

establishment of the sanitary protection zone, observation zone around AS, and also zone of planning of protective measures;

development of the project documentation EXPERT (further - the AS project) on the basis of conservative approach with the developed property of internal self-security of RU and measures directed to exception of threshold effect;

ensuring required quality of systems (elements) with AS and the performed works;

operation of AS according to the production schedules and production instructions developed with observance of requirements of regulatory legal acts and other regulating documents;

maintenance in good repair systems and elements, important for safety, by timely determination of defects, acceptance of preventive measures, replacement of effectively operating system of the maintenance and repair, documentation of results of works and control which developed service life, the organizations;

matching and ensuring necessary skill level of personnel of AS for actions in case of normal operation and violations of normal operation, including preemergencies and accidents, forming of culture of safety.

Level 2. Prevention of project accidents by systems of normal operation:

timely identification of variations from normal operation and their elimination;

management in case of operation with variations.

Level 3. Prevention of beyond design basis accidents by security systems:

prevention of development of initial events into project accidents, and project accidents in beyond design basis accidents using security systems;

alleviation of the consequences of accidents which did not manage to be prevented, by localization of the emitted radioactive materials.

Level 4. Management of beyond design basis accidents:

return of AS to controlled condition in case of which chain reaction of division stops permanent chilling of fuel and deduction of radioactive materials in the established borders are provided;

prevention of development of beyond design basis accidents and weakening of their effects, including using special technical means for management of beyond design basis accidents, and also any systems (elements), including systems (elements) of normal operation and systems (elements) of safety, capable to perform required functions at this conjuncture;

protection of hermetic barrier of RU against destruction in case of beyond design basis accidents and maintenance of its working capacity.

Level 5. Antiemergency planning: preparation and implementation of actions plans on protection of personnel and the population on the AS platform and beyond its limits.

Protection in depth shall be performed at all stages of activities connected with safety of AS in that part which is affected by this type of activity. The strategy of prevention of unfavorable events is priority, at the same time special attention shall be paid to levels 1 and 2.

All reasonably achievable measures providing independence of levels of protection in depth from each other shall be taken. The taken measures shall be reasonable.

1.2.5. In case of normal operation all physical barriers shall be efficient, and measures for their protection shall be in ready state. In case of detection of not operability of any of the physical barriers provided by the project or unavailability of measures for its protection of RU it shall be stopped and measures for reduction of the AS block in safe condition are taken. The measures directed to prevention of damage of one barriers owing to damage of others and also several physical barriers owing to one impact shall be provided in the AS project.

1.2.6. In the AS project limits and conditions of safe operation shall be proved, and also the technical means and organizational measures directed to prevention of violation of limits and conditions of safe operation are provided.

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