ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

of February 5, 2024 No. 66

About approval of the Concept of development of management system by water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2024 - 2030

The government of the Republic of Kazakhstan DECIDES:

1. Approve the enclosed Concept of development of management system by water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2024 - 2030 (further - the Concept).

2. To the central, local executive bodies, state bodies, directly subordinate and accountable to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (under approval), and to other organizations (under approval), responsible for implementation of the Concept:

1) to take necessary measures for implementation of the Concept;

2) to provide information on course of execution of the Concept according to the procedure and the terms established by the order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of November 29, 2017 No. 790 "About approval of System of state planning in the Republic of Kazakhstan".

3. To impose control of execution of this resolution on the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

4. This resolution becomes effective from the date of its signing.

Approved by the Order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of February 5, 2024 No. 66

The concept of development of management system by water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2024 - 2030

Content

Section 1. Passport (key parameters)

Section 2. Analysis of the current situation

Section 3. Overview of the international experience

Section 4. Vision of development of water industry

Section 5. Basic principles and approaches of development of water industry

Section 6. Target indicators and the expected results

Section 7. The action plan on implementation of the Concept of development of management system by water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2024 - 2030 (appendix to the Concept)

Section 1. Passport (key parameters)

Name	The concept of development of management system by water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2024 - 2030
Bases for development	1. The presidential decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of September 13, 2022 No. 1008 "About measures for implementation of the Message of the Head of state to the people of Kazakhstan of September 1, 2022 "The fair state. Single nation. Safe society". 2. The presidential decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of November 26, 2022 No. 2 "About measures for implementation of the election programme of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Fair Kazakhstan – for all and for everyone. Now and forever". 3. Meeting minutes on flood situation under the chairmanship of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan of April 1, 2024 No. 24-01-7.4 (Item 2. 4). 4. Meeting minutes on the presentation of drafts of concepts of development of the industry/sphere under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan Smailov A. A. of February 20, 2023 No. 12-03/07-1230. 5. The minutes of Water council of Kazakhstan under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan Smailov A. A. of October 18, 2022 No. 17-03/07-1183. 6. The order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan of September 21, 2022 No. 17-07/4652//22-4596, 4619 on execution of the instruction of Calculating committee on control of execution of the republican budget of August 11, 2022 No. 20-1-N "About results of the state audit of implementation of measures for providing the southern region with water resources".
State body responsible for development	Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation of the Republic of Kazakhstan
State bodies and organizations responsible for realization	Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of digital development, innovations and aerospace industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Department of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of science and the higher education of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Industry ministry and constructions of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Committee of homeland security of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Agency on protection and development of the competition of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Academy of public administration in case of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan; akimats of areas, cities of Astana, Almaty and Shymkent; non-commercial joint-stock company "National hydrogeological service "Kazgidrogeologiya"; the republican state company on the right of economic maintaining Kazvodkhoz; republican state company "Kazgidromet"; joint-stock company "Kazakstan Garysh Sapary national company; "Kazakh Research Institution of Water Economy" limited liability partnership; organizations of the higher and postgraduate education
Realization terms	2024 – 2030

Section 2. Analysis of the current situation

2.1. Assessment of current status of water resources

Effective management of water resources is key factor of ensuring sustainable social and economic development of the country, and also water, food and energy security by maintenance of water balance for satisfaction of need for water of all water users and water consumers.

At the same time modern consumption and use of water resources often are unstable and irrational that leads to their excessive use, pollution and depletion.

The situation is complicated by influence of global climate change which leads to droughts and floods, quality degradation of water and availability of safe drinking water.

In the conditions of strengthening of load of water resources and increases in intensity of the extreme phenomena connected with climate change enhancement of management system water resources has key value for the solution of the available infrastructure, institutional, financial and other problematic issues.

2.1.1. Resources of surface water

By the hydrographic principle the territory of the country is divided into 8 water management pools: Aralo-Syrdaryinsky, Balkhash-Alakol, Ertissky, Esilsky, Zhayyk-Kaspiysky, Nur-Sarysusky, Tobyl-Torgaysky and Shue-Talas.

The main amount of water resources is provided by surface water in mean annual amount of 106 km 3, of % 55,7% 44,3 – thanks to inflow of the cross-border rivers from China, Uzbekistan, Russia and Kyrgyzstan is created of them in the territory of the country, other that considerably increases the importance of settlement of cross-border overflows for the solution of the existing and potential water problems of the country (see the table 1).

Table 1. Mean annual resources of river drain 1, km3

№ of payment order	Water management pools	Local resources	Inflow because of country limits		Total resursy3	Outflow out of country limits
			in total	created in the territory of adjacent stran2		in total	not returnable	returnable
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	Aralo-Syrdaryinsky	3,20	16,9	16,5	19,7	0,38		0,38
2	Balkash-Alakolsky	18,5	13,5	12,5	31,0	0,96		0,96
3	Ertissky	26,8	8,32	6,96	33,8	25,1	23,7	1,36
4	Esilsky	2,81			2,81	1,80	1,80
5	Zhayyk-Kaspiyskiy4	3,39	8,86	7,87	11,3	0,99		0,99
6	Nur-Sarysuskiy5	1,30			1,30
7	Tobyl-Torgaysky	1,82	0,45	0,45	2,27	0,49	0,49
8	Shue-Talasskiy6	1,44	2,77	2,77	4,21
	Total on RK	59,3	50,8	47,1	106	29,7	26,0	3,70

Notes:

1 According to "Institute of Geography and Water Safety" joint-stock company.

2 The inflow because of country limits created in the territory of the adjacent countries in column 5 is specified without the returnable drain created in the territory of Kazakhstan.

3 Total mean annual resources of river drain in column 6 are specified taking into account local resources and the inflow created in the territory of the adjacent countries ([6]= [3]+ [5]).

4 Inflow to the Zhayyk-Kaspiysky water management pool is specified without inflow on channels of the Volga River – Kigash and Blind cultivation.

5 Total mean annual resources of river drain in the column 6 of the Nur-Sarysusky water management pool are specified without the transferred water from the Ertissky water management pool on channel of K. I. Satpayev in 0,70 amount km3.

6 Inflow to the Shue-Talas water management basin is specified without inflow on channels from the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.

As of March 1, 2023 the mean annual river drain in the territory of Kazakhstan decreased by 12,5 km3 in comparison with 1960, from them 9,0 km3 or 72% of all amount of reducing fall to the share of the local rivers, and to share of the cross-border rivers – 3,5 km3 or 28%. Reducing drain of the local rivers happened in all pools, except Balkhash-Alakol and Tobol-Torgaysky.

Water resources on the territory of the country are distributed unevenly therefore the situation with resource capability of surface water on certain regions of the republic significantly differs.

Southeast and east regions of the country (Ertissky and Balkhash-Alakol water management basins) are most provided with own resources of surface water. The central region (The Nur-Sarysusky water management pool) is least provided.

From the territories of the adjacent countries the southern, southeast and western regions of the country (Aralo-Syrdaryinsky, Balkhash-Alakol, Shue-Talas and Zhayyk-Kaspiysky water management basins) are the most dependent on inflow of water.

2.1.2. Resources of underground waters

In Kazakhstan the problem of use of underground waters very much is particularly acute. By data for 2023 in the territory of the country there are 4 416 fields (5 384 sites) with the approved operational inventories of underground waters in amount of 43 120,56 thousand m3/d., including on categories:

And (mastered) – 13 428,23 thousand m3/d.;

In (reconnoitered) – 13 481,26 thousand m3/d.;

C1 (previously estimated) – 10 675,31 thousand m3/d.;

C2 (revealed) – 5 535,75 thousand m3/d.

Forecast inventories constitute about 40 km3/year.

On purpose operational inventories are subdivided:

1) for economic and drinking water supply (further – HPV) – 13 882,66 thousand m3/d. (3 692 fields, 4 288 sites);

2) for technological water supply (further – PTV), consider drainage waters here – 1 932,6 thousand m3/d. (377 fields, 407 sites);

3) for irrigation of lands (further – ORZ) – 17 384,91 thousand m3/d. (155 fields, 287 sites);

4) for HPV and PTV – 3 047,23 thousand m3/d. (164 fields, 314 sites);

5) for HPV and ORZ – 4 951,94 thousand m3/d. (18 fields, 78 sites);

6) HPV, PTV, ORZ – 725,0 of one thousand m3/d. (1 field);

7) HPV, ORZ, inventories for compensation of damage to spring drain – 1 109,7 thousand m3/d. (1 field, 3 sites).

Distribution of underground water resources on the territory of Kazakhstan extremely unevenly. About 68% of resources of underground waters with mineralization to 1 g/l are concentrated in the southern region: Almaty, Jambyl, Turkestan and Kyzylorda regions.

The Aktyubinsk region is reliably provided with inventories of underground waters of economic and drinking water supply. The West Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Akmola areas are provided with inventories partially, and Atyrau, Mangystau, North Kazakhstan areas are insufficiently provided.

Hydrogeological shooting with development of cards of scale 1:200 000 is carried out to the period from 1960 to 2020 on all territory of Kazakhstan. At the same time today there are no up-to-date data about inventories of underground waters, areas of distribution of water layers, their capacity and coordinates of fields by areas and river basins.

2.1.3. Use of water resources

The water intake for needs of industries of economy and the population in 2020 constituted km 24,9 3, in 2021 – km 24,5 3, in 2022 – 25,0 km3 and in 2023 – 24,9 km3. This tendency stable, but increase in water intake in connection with acceleration of rates of development of oil-and-gas sector in the west of the country and the mining sector in the central Kazakhstan is possible.

The % of general water intake from which 94,7 of % is satisfied at the expense of superficial sources and 5,3 of % at the expense of underground is the share of the industry 23,. From general intake of water by the industry of 75% normative cleared it is dumped in water objects.

The water consumption share agricultural industry constitutes 60% of general water intake. From 2020 to 2022 the water intake for needs of agricultural industry averaged km 14,8 3, from which 77% was used for the needs of regular irrigation on the area of 1,18 of one million hectares and which remained 3,61 km3 were distributed between lemon irrigation, the gulf of haymakings, agricultural water supply and flood of pastures. The water intake on 98,8 of % is made from superficial sources.

At the same time in agricultural industry, since 2020, decrease in amount of intake of water on irrigation and the watered lands is observed in case of almost not changing ratio of losses to water intake.

Table 2. Dynamics of intake of water on regular irrigation on the water management basins of the Republic of Kazakhstan

№ of payment order	Water management pools	2020			2021			2022			2023
		It is watered lands, one thousand hectares	Water intake, one million m3	Specific expense, one thousand m3/hectare	It is watered lands, one thousand hectares	Water intake, one million m3	Specific expense, one thousand m3/hectare	It is watered lands, one thousand hectares	Water intake, one million m3	Specific expense, one thousand m3/hectare	It is watered lands, one thousand hectares	Water intake, one million m3	Specific expense, one thousand m3/hectare
1	Aralo-Syrdaryinsky	642	7 456	11,6	536	6 920	12,9	590	6 781	11,5	694	7126	10,2
2	Balkhash-Alakol	456	3 401	7,5	453	3 310	7,3	312	3 347	10,7	291	3229	11,1
3	Ertissky	49	165	3,4	48	158	3,3	52	174	3,3	63	187	2,96
4	Esilsky	6	10	1,8	9	14	1,5	8	5	0,6	12	11	0,92

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