of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1
About education
Education in this Law is understood as the purposeful process of education and training for the benefit of the person, societies, the states which is followed by ascertaining of achievement by the citizen (studying) educational levels (education qualifications) established by the state.
Receipt of education by the citizen (student) is understood as achievement and confirmation of certain education qualification by it which makes sure the relevant document.
The right to education is one of the basic and inherent constitutional rights of citizens of the Russian Federation.
Education in the Russian Federation is performed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and rules of international law.
1. The Russian Federation proclaims the field of education priority.
2. Organizational basis of state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education is the Federal target program of development of education.
3. The federal target program of development of education is developed and affirms the Government of the Russian Federation.
4. The report of the Government of the Russian Federation on the course of implementation of the Federal target program of development of education annually is submitted to chambers of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and is published in official publication.
5. In the state and municipal educational institutions, bodies exercising control in the field of education, creation and activities of organizational structures of political parties, social and political and religious movements and the organizations (associations) are not allowed.
State policy in the field of education is based on the following principles:
1) humanistic nature of education, priority of universal values, life and health of the person, free development of the personality. Education of civic consciousness, diligence, respect for human rights and freedoms, love to the surrounding nature, Homeland, family;
2) unity of federal cultural and educational space. Protection and development by education system of national cultures, regional cultural traditions and features in the conditions of the multinational state;
3) availability of education, adaptivity of education system to levels and features of development and training of students, pupils;
4) secular nature of education in state and municipal educational institutions;
5) freedom and pluralism in education;
6) democratic, state public nature of management of education. Autonomy of educational institutions.
1. The legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education includes the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law adopted according to it other laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, and also the laws and other regulatory legal acts of subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of education.
Features of legal regulation of the relations in the field of education in the territory of the innovative center "Skolkovo" are established by the Federal Law "About the innovative center "Skolkovo".
2. The Federal Laws in the field of education, including this Law:
differentiate competence and responsibility of the field of education of federal bodies of the government, public authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation and local government bodies;
regulate within the established federal competence questions of the relations in the field of education which shall be solved equally all subjects of the Russian Federation. In this part the Federal Laws in the field of education are the laws of direct action and are applied in all territory of the Russian Federation;
enter general adjusting regulations on questions which are within the competence of subjects of the Russian Federation and according to which the last perform own legal regulation in the field of education.
3. Subjects of the Russian Federation according to their status and competence can adopt in the field of education the laws and other regulatory legal acts which are not contradicting the Federal Laws in the field of education.
The laws and other regulatory legal acts of subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of education cannot limit the rights of physical persons and legal entities in comparison with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education.
4. The physical persons and legal entities which violated the law of the Russian Federation in the field of education bear responsibility according to the procedure, established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Tasks of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education are:
1) differentiation of competence of the field of education between federal executive bodies, executive bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation and local government bodies;
2) providing and protection of constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation on education;
3) creation of legal guarantees for free functioning and educational development of the Russian Federation;
4) determination of the rights, obligations, powers and responsibility of physical persons and legal entities in the fields of education, and also legal regulation of their relations in the field.
1. To citizens of the Russian Federation the possibility of education irrespective of floor, races is guaranteed, to nationality, language, origin, the residence, the relation to religion, beliefs, belonging to public organizations (associations), age, the state of health, social, property and official capacity, criminal record availability.
Restrictions of the rights of citizens for professional education on the bases of sex, age, the state of health, availability of criminal record can be established only by the law.
2. The state provides to citizens right to education by creation of education system and the corresponding social and economic conditions for education.
3. The state guarantees to citizens general availability and free of charge the preschool, primary general, main general, secondary (complete) general education and primary professional education, and also on competitive basis free of charge secondary professional, higher professional and postgraduate professional education in state and municipal educational institutions within federal state educational standards, federal state requirements and educational standards and requirements established according to Item 2 of article 7 of this Law if the citizen gets education of this level for the first time, according to the procedure, provided by this Law.
3.1. The state renders to citizens assistance in receipt of the preschool, primary general, main general and secondary (complete) general education in non-state preschool educational institutions, and also in the non-state educational institutions having the state accreditation at the expense of means of the relevant budgets of budget system of the Russian Federation selected in the amount of, necessary for implementation of the main general education programs within the corresponding federal state educational standards and (or) federal state requirements according to standard rates of financial provision of educational activities of state educational institutions of subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal educational institutions.
4. Ceased to be valid
5. For the purpose of realization of right to education of the citizens needing social support, the state fully or partially incurs expenses on their content during receipt of education by them. Categories of citizens to which this support is provided procedure and the amount of its provision are established by the Federal Laws for federal state educational institutions, the laws of subjects of the Russian Federation for the educational institutions which are under authority of subjects of the Russian Federation, and municipal educational institutions.
6. The state creates to the citizens with limited opportunities of health that is having shortcomings of physical and (or) mental development (further - with limited opportunities of health), conditions for receipt by them of education, corrections of violations of development and social adaptation on the basis of special pedagogical approaches.
7. The state renders assistance in education by the citizens who showed outstanding capabilities including by means of provision of special state grants by it, including grants for training abroad. Criteria and procedure for provision of such grants are established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.
1. General questions of language policy in the field of education are regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation "About languages of the people of the Russian Federation.
2. Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to the main general education in the native language, and also to the choice of language of training within the opportunities given by education system.
The right of citizens to education in the native language is provided with creation of necessary number of the relevant educational institutions, classes, groups, and also conditions for their functioning.
3. Language (languages) in which training and education in educational institution are conducted is determined by the founder (founders) of educational institution and (or) the charter of educational institution.
4. The state according to international treaties of the Russian Federation renders assistance to the representatives of the people of the Russian Federation living out of its territory in receipt of the main general education by them in the native language.
5. In all educational institutions having the state accreditation, except for preschool, studying of Russian as state language of the Russian Federation is regulated by federal state educational standards.
6. Questions of studying of state languages of republics within the Russian Federation are regulated by the legislation of these republics.
7. The state renders assistance in training of specialists for implementation of educational process in languages of the people of the Russian Federation which do not have the statehood.
1. In the Russian Federation the federal state educational standards representing set of the requirements obligatory in case of implementation of the main educational programs initial general, the main general, average (complete) of general, initial professional, average professional and higher education by the educational institutions having the state accreditation are established.
2. According to the Federal Law of August 22, 1996 N125-FZ "About the Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" (further - the Federal Law "About the Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education") the program implementation of the higher professional and postgraduate professional education can be performed on the basis of the educational standards and requirements which are independently established by Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, federal universities, universities concerning which the category "national research university", and also other federal public educational institutions of higher professional training which list affirms the presidential decree of the Russian Federation is established.
The requirements to sales terms and to results of development of the main educational programs included in such educational standards cannot be below relevant requirements of federal state educational standards.
3. Federal state educational standards, and also educational standards established according to Item 2 of this Article and the requirement shall provide:
1) unity of educational space of the Russian Federation;
2) succession of the main educational programs initial general, the main general, average (complete) of general, initial professional, average professional and higher education.
4. Federal state educational standards, and also educational standards established according to Item 2 of this Article and the requirement include requirements to:
1) to structure of the main educational programs, including requirements to ratio of parts of the main educational program and their amount, and also to ratio of obligatory part of the main educational program and part created by participants of educational process;
2) to sales terms of the main educational programs, including personnel, financial, material and other conditions;
3) to results of development of the main educational programs.
5. In case of implementation of the main educational programs for students with limited opportunities of health special federal state educational standards can be established.
6. Development and approval of federal state educational standards are performed according to the procedure, established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
7. Federal state educational standards affirm at least once in ten years.
8. Federal state educational standards, and also educational standards established according to Item 2 of this Article and the requirement are basis of objective assessment of the education level and qualification of graduates irrespective of education forms.
The education system in the Russian Federation represents set of interacting:
successive educational programs of different level and orientation, federal state educational standards and federal state requirements;
networks of the educational institutions and the scientific organizations realizing them;
the bodies exercising control in the field of education and organizations and the organizations subordinated to them;
associations of legal entities, public and the state public associations performing activities in the field of education.
1. The educational program determines content of formation of certain level and (or) orientation. In the Russian Federation the following educational programs are implemented:
1) general education (the main and additional, including additional preprofessional general education programs in the field of arts);
2) professional (the main and additional);
3) professional training.
2. The main general education programs are directed to the solution of tasks of forming of general culture of the personality, adaptation of the personality to life in society, on creation of basis for the conscious choice and development of professional educational programs.
3. To the basic general education programs belong:
1) preschool education;
2) primary general education;
3) main general education;
4) secondary (complete) general education.
4. The main professional educational programs are directed to the solution of tasks of consecutive increase in professional and general education levels, training of specialists of the corresponding qualification.
5. To the basic professional programs belong:
1) primary professional education;
2) secondary professional education, including the integrated educational programs of secondary professional education in the field of arts;
3) higher education (program of bachelor degree, program of training of the specialist and program of magistracy);
4) postgraduate professional education.
5.1. For the purpose of creation of conditions for art education and esthetic education of the citizens having outstanding creative capabilities in the field of arts in the Russian Federation the integrated educational programs of secondary professional education in the field of arts according to the federal state educational standard of secondary professional education in the field of arts providing these citizens of the main general education, secondary (complete) general education and secondary professional education, satisfaction of educational requirements and requests of the students aimed at the development of their creative capabilities, the right to training in individual curricula, to intensive course of training taking into account features of content and the organization of educational process are implemented.
6. The main general education programs of the primary general, main general and secondary (complete) general education provide implementation of the federal state educational standard taking into account type and type of educational institution, educational requirements and requests of students, pupils, regional, national and ethnocultural peculiarities and include the curriculum, working programs of training courses, objects, disciplines (modules) and other materials providing spiritual and moral development, education and quality of training of students.
6.1. The main professional educational programs initial professional, average professional and higher education provide implementation of the federal state educational standard taking into account type and type of educational institution, educational requirements and requests of students and include the curriculum, working programs of training courses, objects, disciplines (modules) and other materials providing education and quality of training of students, and also the programs of educational and work practice, the calendar educational schedule and methodical materials providing realization of the appropriate educational technology.
The main educational programs of higher education installed according to Item 2 of article 7 of this Law include the curriculum, working programs of training courses, objects, disciplines (modules) and other materials providing education and quality of training of students, and also the programs of educational and work practice, the calendar educational schedule and methodical materials providing realization of the appropriate educational technology.
6.2. To structure of the main general education program of preschool education and conditions of its realization the federal executive body performing functions on development of state policy and normative legal regulation in the field of education establishes the federal state requirements obligatory in case of implementation of such educational program.
6.3. To structure of the main professional educational program of postgraduate professional education (except for doctoral studies) federal state requirements are established.
Federal state requirements to structure of the main professional educational program of postgraduate professional education for students in postgraduate study (graduate military course) are established by the federal executive body performing functions on development of state policy and normative legal regulation in the field of education for students in the form of assistantship training - the federal executive body performing functions on development of state policy and normative legal regulation in the field of culture for students in internship, internship - the federal executive body performing functions on development of state policy and normative legal regulation in the field of health care.
7. Normative terms of development of the main educational programs in state and municipal educational institutions are determined by this Law, other Federal Laws and (or) standard regulations on educational institutions of the corresponding types and types either the corresponding federal state educational standards, or federal state requirements, or educational standards and requirements established according to Item 2 of article 7 of this Law adopted according to it.
8. The additional educational program includes working programs of training courses, objects, disciplines (modules).
9. To minimum of contents of the additional professional educational program and level of occupational retraining by the federal executive body performing functions on development of state policy and normative legal regulation in the field of education federal state requirements in the cases provided by the Federal Laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation or regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation can be established.
9.1. To content minimum, structure and sales terms of additional preprofessional general education programs in the field of arts and to terms of training in these programs the federal executive body performing functions on development of state policy and normative legal regulation in the field of culture in coordination with the federal executive body performing functions on development of state policy and normative legal regulation in the field of education establishes federal state requirements.
10. Federal state requirements to structure of the main professional educational program of postgraduate professional education (except for doctoral studies), to minimum of contents of the additional professional educational program and level of occupational retraining are obligatory in case of implementation of the appropriate educational programs by the educational institutions and the scientific organizations having the state accreditation.
1. Taking into account requirements and opportunities of the personality educational programs accustom to the following forms: in educational institution - in the form of internal, ochnozaochny (vespers), correspondence; in the form of family education, self-education, the external studies.
The combination of different forms of education is allowed.
2. For all forms of education within the specific main general education or main professional educational program the single federal state educational standard or federal state requirements, except for the educational standards and requirements established according to Item 2 of article 7 of this Law are effective.
3. Lists of professions and specialties which receipt in intramural and extramural (evening), correspondence form and in the form of the external studies is not allowed regarding competence of the Russian Federation are established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.
1. Can be the founder of educational institution (further - the founder):
1) Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities;
2) the Russian and foreign commercial organizations, and also associations of the specified legal entities (associations and the unions);
3) the Russian and foreign non-profit organizations, including public associations and the religious organizations, and also associations of the specified legal entities (associations and the unions);
4) physical persons.
2. Only the Russian Federation or subjects of the Russian Federation can be the founder of special teaching and educational facility of the closed type for children and teenagers with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior.
2.1. Functions and powers of the founder of the educational institution created by the Russian Federation, the subject of the Russian Federation, the municipality if other is not established by the Federal Laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation or the Government of the Russian Federation, are performed according to authorized by federal executive body, executive body of the subject of the Russian Federation, local government body.
In case of reorganization of public authorities, local government bodies of the right of the founder pass to the corresponding legal successors.
The educational institutions of all types and types realizing military professional educational programs can be created only by the Russian Federation.
3. Ceased to be valid
1. The state and non-state educational organizations can be created in the forms of business provided by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation for non-profit organizations.
2. Activities of the state and non-state educational organizations in the part which is not settled by this Law are regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
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The document ceased to be valid according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ