RESOLUTION OF BOARD OF NATIONAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

of July 11, 2022 No. 257

About approval of the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning

Based on paragraphs two and third Article part six 34, of Article part one 39, of parts one, the second and sixth article 111, of articles 112 and 113, of parts four and the fifth article 115, of articles 116 and 117 and part six of article 122 of the Bank code of the Republic of Belarus, part three of subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the Presidential decree of the Republic of Belarus of June 21, 2011 No. 261 "About creation of the open joint stock company "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus DECIDES:

1. Approve the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning it (is applied).

2. When calculating banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company (further – JSC Development Bank), the non-bank credit and financial organizations of the indicators characterizing accomplishment of standard rates of safe functioning according to the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning approved by this resolution to carry banks of the Russian Federation to banks of the group "C" if they have the following ratings established by the below-specified rating agencies and published in their editions, and also posted on their official sites on the global computer Internet:

Moody rating agency "s Investors Service – long-term rating from Vaa1 to B3;

Fitch Ratings rating agency – long-term rating from BBB+ to B–;

S&P Global Ratings rating agency – long-term rating from BBB+ to B–.

3. The subordinated loans (loans) attracted according to the agreements signed before date of official publication of this resolution join in calculation of the normative capital of bank, JSC Development Bank, non-bank credit and financial organization according to the procedure, established by the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning approved by this resolution before expiration of agreements or before introduction of changes in them.

After introduction of amendments to the specified agreements the subordinated loans (loans) attracted according to them join in calculation of the normative capital of bank, JSC Development Bank, non-bank credit and financial organization on condition of reduction of contracts in compliance with requirements of the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning approved by this resolution.

4. Make changes to the following resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus:

4.1. in the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 28, 2006 No. 138 "About approval of the Instruction about procedure for forming and use of special reserves on covering of possible losses on the assets and transactions which are not reflected in balance":

state Item 2 in the following edition:

"2. In case of classification of the assets and liabilities which are not reflected in balance according to the Instruction approved by this resolution to carry banks of the Russian Federation to banks of the group "C" if they have the following ratings established by the below-specified rating agencies and published in their editions, and also posted on their official sites on the global computer Internet:

Moody rating agency "s Investors Service – long-term rating from Vaa1 to B3;

Fitch Ratings rating agency – long-term rating from BBB+ to In –;

S&P Global Ratings rating agency – long-term rating from BBB+ to In –.";

in the Instruction about procedure for forming and use of special reserves on covering of possible losses on the assets and transactions which are not reflected in balance approved by this resolution:

in paragraph four of Item 3 of the word of "international banks of development of group "A", international financial institutions and development banks" shall be replaced with words "international banks of development of the A0 group, international banks of development of group "A", international financial institutions";

in Item 5:

in subitem 5.2.1:

word in paragraph three "international banks of development of group "A", international financial institutions or development banks" shall be replaced with words "international banks of development of the A0 group, international banks of development of group "A", international financial institutions";

word in paragraph four of "international banks of development of group "A", international financial institutions and development banks" shall be replaced with words "international banks of development of the A0 group, international banks of development of group "A", international financial institutions";

to state part one of subitem 5.9 in the following edition:

"5.9. terms "banks of the group "A", "banks of the group "D", "banks of the group "E", "the interconnected requirements and obligations", "international financial institutions", international banks of development of the A0 group, "international banks of development of group "A", international banks of development of the group "D", international banks of development of the group "E", "the encumbered assets", "countries of the group "A", "countries of the group "C", "countries of the group "D", "countries of the group "E", "legal entities of the group "A", "legal entities of the group "C", "legal entities of the group "D", "legal entities of the group "E" have the values determined by Item 2 of the Instruction on standard rates of safe functioning approved by the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of July 11, 2022 No. 257.";

in Item 20 part one:

word in paragraph six of "intergovernmental banks and development banks" shall be replaced with words "international financial institutions and international banks of development of the A0 group;

word in paragraph nine "Chapter 11" shall be replaced with words "Item 125 of Chapter 13";

in Item 23:

the paragraph one of part one of subitem 23.1 to state in the following edition:

"23.1. pledge (except for pledge of securities of the governments, Central (national) Banks of the countries of the D and E groups, international banks of development of the D and E groups, banks of the D and E groups, local authorities of management and self-government of the countries of the D and E groups, legal entities of the groups "C", "D" and "E", bills of exchange, the avalized and (or) accepted by the governments, the Central (national) Banks countries of the D and E groups, international banks of development of the D and E groups, banks of the D and E groups, local authorities of management and self-government of the countries of the D and E groups, legal entities of the groups "C", "D" and "E", other methods of ensuring obligation fulfillment with use of these securities). At the same time are considered:";

in paragraph one of subitem 23.2 of the word "the groups "C", "D" and "E", and also banks of the D and E groups," shall be replaced with words "the D and E groups, international banks of development of the D and E groups, banks of the D and E groups, local authorities of management and self-government of the countries of the D and E groups, and also";

to exclude parts one of Item 71 of the word "and development banks" from the paragraph of the fifth of part one of Item 69 and the paragraph of the fifth;

4.2. in the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of January 22, 2018 No. 25 "About the organization by banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company of internal procedure of assessment of capital adequacy and risk management":

"banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company to exclude from the name of the word;

state preamble in the following edition:

"Based on the paragraph of third of part four of Article 34 and part one of article 39 of the Bank code of the Republic of Belarus, part three of subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the Presidential decree of the Republic of Belarus of June 21, 2011 No. 261 "About creation of the open joint stock company "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus DECIDES:";

state Item 1 in the following edition:

"1. Approve the Instruction about the organization of internal procedure of assessment of capital adequacy and risk management it (is applied).";

in the Instruction about the organization by banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company of internal procedure of assessment of the capital adequacy and risk management approved by this resolution:

"banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company to exclude from the name of the word;

in Item 2:

from part two of the word "in banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company, the non-bank credit and financial organizations, banking groups and bank holdings" and "(National legal Internet portal of the Republic of Belarus, 08.12. 8/26605)" to exclude 2012,;

third to exclude part;

to exclude from Items 3 and 17 of the word "in banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company, the non-bank credit and financial organizations, banking groups and bank holdings";

7, of paragraph one of Item 9, of Items 11 and 16 to exclude the word "normative" in the corresponding case from Item part one;

in paragraph one of Item 12 of the word "for banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company and non-bank credit and financial organizations" shall be replaced with words ", the Republic of Belarus approved by the resolution of Board of National Bank of July 11, 2022 No. 257";

to exclude from Item 13 of the word "to this Instruction";

in Item 21:

to exclude from paragraph one of the word "in banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company, the non-bank credit and financial organizations, banking groups and bank holdings" and "normative";

to exclude from the paragraph of the third word "to this Instruction";

in part one of Item 24 of the word "supervisory board" shall be replaced with words "the board of directors (supervisory board)";

in appendix 1 to this Instruction:

"banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company to exclude from signature stamp of appendix of the word;

state Item 2 in the following edition:

"2. The amount of unforeseen losses is determined by credit risk with use of one of the calculation options provided below:

2.1. the amount of unforeseen losses (Npkr) is determined by summing of the sizes of debt on assets (contingent obligations) reduced by the size of the special reserves created on them and weight coefficients of risk weighed on risk level with use by the following formula:

where debt – the size of remaining balance of debt on principal debt of asset (contingent obligation);

reserve – the size of the created special reserve on covering of possible losses on asset (contingent obligation);

K – weight coefficient of risk on asset (contingent obligation).

______________________________

1 The size of debt on contingent obligation is adjusted on credit equivalent of contingent obligations by multiplication of difference between the amount of contingent obligation and size of the created special reserve on covering of possible losses on the corresponding coefficient of equivalent of credit risk established by the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning.

When calculating weight coefficient of risk for asset (contingent obligation):

concerning legal entities and physical persons of the Republic of Belarus value of coefficient of risk is determined by the assets subject to credit risk, and contingent obligations according to the table 2 presents of appendix depending on asset type (contingent obligation) and value of probability of the default determined depending on group of reservation to which this asset (contingent obligation) is carried according to the table of 1 this appendix;

value of coefficient of risk is determined by other assets (contingent obligations) according to the table 2 presents of appendix depending on asset type (contingent obligation) and value of probability of the default determined depending on the long-term country rating of the partner according to the table of 1 this appendix (if the long-term ratings of the international agencies differ among themselves, the worst rating is used).

Table 1

Ratio of value of probability of default of the partner depending on the country rating determined by the international rating agencies or from risk group when forming special reserves

Risk group when forming special rezervov2	Probability of default of the partner, percent	International rating agencies
		Moody "s Investors Service	S&P Global Ratings	Fitch Ratings
–	0,03	Aaa	AAA	AAA
–	0,03	Aa1	AA+	AA+
–	0,03	Aa2	AA	AA
–	0,03	Aa3	AA–	AA–
–	0,03	A1	A +	A +
–	0,03	A2	A	A
–	0,03	A3	A–	A–
–	0,05	Baa1	BBB+	BBB+
–	0,10	Baa2	BBB	BBB
–	0,25	Baa3	BBB–	BBB–
–	0,50	Ba1	BB+	BB+
–	1,00	Ba2	BB	BB
–	1,30	Ba3	BB–	BB–
–	2,00	B1	B +	B +
–	2,50	B2	B	B
1	3,00	B3	B–	B–
2	6,00	Caa1	CCC +	CCC +
3	10,00	Caa2	CCC	CCC
4	15,00	Caa3	CCC–	CCC–
5	20,00	Ca	CC	CC
63	40,00	With	With	With
64	100,00	–	D	RD, D

______________________________

2 The risk groups determined when forming special reserves according to the Instruction about procedure for forming and use of special reserves on covering of possible losses by the assets and transactions which are not reflected in balance, the Republic of Belarus approved by the resolution of Board of National Bank of September 28, 2006 No. 138 are specified.

3 On condition of reference of asset (contingent obligation) to the VI risk group no more than 30 days.

4 On condition of reference of asset (contingent obligation) to the VI risk group more than 30 days.

Table 2

Weight coefficients of risk on asset (contingent obligation) for calculation of unforeseen losses

(percent)

Probability of default of the partner	The assets subject to credit risk, concerning legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, banks, the governments, the Central (national) Banks of the countries, international financial institutions and development banks	The loans granted to physical persons on financing of the real estate	The loans granted to physical persons (except the credits for financing of the real estate and the overdraft credits)	The overdraft loans granted to physical persons
0,03	11,30	2,30	8,41	1,85
0,05	15,39	3,46	12,52	2,86
0,10	23,30	5,94	21,08	5,12
0,25	39,01	11,83	39,96	10,88
0,40	49,49	16,64	53,69	15,88
0,50	54,91	19,49	61,13	18,97
0,75	65,14	25,81	75,74	26,06
1,00	72,40	31,33	86,46	32,53
1,30	78,77	37,22	95,95	39,70
1,50	82,11	40,80	100,81	44,19
2,00	88,55	48,85	109,53	54,63
2,50	93,43	55,91	115,03	64,18
3,00	97,58	62,22	118,61	73,03
6,00	119,48	90,29	127,94	116,37
10,00	146,51	113,56	142,69	158,47
15,00	171,91	130,96	167,36	196,23
20,00	188,42	140,62	189,41	222,86
40,00	204,93	150,28	211,46	249,49
100,00	1000,00	1000,00	1000,00	1000,00

2.2. the amount of unforeseen losses on credit risk (Npkr) is determined by summing of the sizes of debt on assets (contingent obligations) weighed on risk level with use of weight coefficients by the following formula:

where debt – the size of remaining balance of debt on principal debt of asset (contingent obligation);

K – weight coefficient of risk on asset (contingent obligation).

The weight coefficient of risk (K) is calculated by the following formula:

where PD – value of probability of default;

LGD – value of specific weight of losses;

N(x) – function of cumulative distribution for standard normal accidental variable in case of which the probability that the normal accidental variable with average value zero and dispersion of unit is less or is equal x;

G(z) – the return cumulative distribution function for standard normal accidental variable, in case of which value x such is that N(x) = z;

b – adjustment of repayment period;

M – term before repayment (it is estimated advanced in years);

R – coefficient of correlations.

The coefficient of correlations (R) is calculated by the following formula:

where PD – value of probability of default;

e – mathematical constant equal to number e.

Adjustment of repayment period (b) is calculated by the following formula:

where PD – value of probability of default.

When calculating weight coefficients:

concerning legal entities and physical persons of the Republic of Belarus values of probability of default are determined by the assets subject to credit risk, and contingent obligations depending on group of reservation to which this asset (contingent obligation) is carried according to the table of 1 this appendix;

are determined by other assets (contingent obligations) of value of probability of default depending on the long-term country rating of the partner according to the table of 1 this appendix (if the long-term ratings of the international agencies differ among themselves, the worst rating is used);

on each asset (contingent obligation) value of specific weight of losses in case of default on secure assets (contingent obligations) equals to 45 percent, on insufficiently secure assets (contingent obligations) – 75 percent, on unsecured assets (contingent obligations) – 85 protsentam5.

______________________________

5 Reference of assets (contingent obligations) to secure, insufficiently secure and unsecured is performed according to the Instruction about procedure for forming and use of special reserves on covering of possible losses on the assets and transactions which are not reflected in balance.";

state item 4 in the following edition:

"4. The amount of unforeseen losses is determined by operational risk as the average size of annual real loss from operational incidents less compensation of such losses with use of information on losses and compensations from the internal database of bank about operational incidents for the period at least five years.";

in appendix 2 to this Instruction:

"banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company to exclude from signature stamp of appendix of the word;

in paragraphs three, the fifth and seventh to replace the word "borrower" with the word "debtor" in the corresponding case and number;

"normative" to exclude the word from the paragraph of the thirteenth;

"banks, "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company to exclude from signature stamp of appendix 3 to this Instruction of the word.

5. Recognize invalid resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus and separate structural elements of resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus according to the list according to appendix.

6. To banks, JSC Development Bank, the non-bank credit and financial organizations from January 1, 2023 to November 30, 2023 inclusive to calculate the size of operational risk according to basic indicative approach in the following procedure:

where VD – the total size of positive annual gross income for the previous three years;

a – fixed value equal to 0,15;

n – the number of years for the previous three years in which the annual gross income was positive.

The annual gross income includes net interest incomes and net not interest incomes. Net not interest incomes net commission incomes, net income on transactions with derivative financial instruments, net income on transactions with the securities carried at fair value through profit or loss, net income on transactions with foreign currency, net income on transactions with precious metals and gemstones are included.

The size of annual gross income is determined by the accounting data used for creation of annual individual accounting (financial) accounts of bank, JSC Development Bank, the non-bank credit and financial organization according to national accounting standards, accounting (financial) records, other regulatory legal acts on financial accounting, accounting (financial) records which audit is booked by auditing organization (the auditor performing activities as the individual entrepreneur).

During the period from last working day of accounting year to decision date of the annual general shareholder meeting about approval of the annual individual accounting (financial) accounts constituted according to national accounting standards, accounting (financial) records, other regulatory legal acts on financial accounting, accounting (financial) records and about profit distribution and losses of bank, JSC Development Bank, non-bank credit and financial organization the size of annual gross income is determined by the accounting data used for creation of form of the reporting "Balance sheet" for the last working day of accounting year with reporting data before closing of incomes and expenditure accounts into the balance sheet account on accounting of profit (loss).

7. This resolution becomes effective in the following procedure:

Item 1, except for Items 74-89 and appendix 4 to the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning approved by this resolution, Items 2-6 and this Item – since January 1, 2023;

Items 74-89 and appendix 4 to the Instruction on standard rates of safe functioning approved by this resolution, except for subitem 3.9 of Item 3 and subitem 4.10 of item 4 of the Section II of appendix 4 to the specified Instruction – since December 1, 2023;

subitem 3.9 of Item 3 and subitem 4.10 of item 4 of the Section II of appendix 4 to the Instruction on standard rates of safe functioning approved by this resolution – since December 1, 2026.

 

Appendix

to the Resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of July 11, 2022 No. 257

List of invalid resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus and separate structural elements of resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus

1. The resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 28, 2006 No. 137 "About approval of the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning".

2. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of May 31, 2007 No. 117 "About modification and amendments in resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 28, 2006 No. 137 and of October 31, 2006 No. 172".

3. The resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of October 31, 2008 No. 159 "About introduction of amendments to resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of June 28, 2001 No. 175 and of September 28, 2006 No. 137".

4. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of January 30, 2009 No. 9 "About modification and amendments in resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 28, 2006 No. 137 and of October 31, 2006 No. 172".

5. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 23, 2009 No. 159 "About entering of amendments and changes into resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 28, 2006 No. 137 and of September 28, 2006 No. 138".

6. Item 3 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of May 25, 2010 No. 175 "About modification and amendments in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

7. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of March 30, 2011 No. 113 "About entering of amendments and changes into some regulatory legal acts concerning standard rates of safe functioning and forming of special reserves".

8. Item 2 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 29, 2011 No. 413 "About entering of amendments and changes into some regulatory legal acts concerning forming of special reserves and standard rates of safe functioning".

9. The resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of June 11, 2012 No. 285 "About entering of amendment and changes into some resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus concerning the minimum size of the normative capital".

10. The resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of October 30, 2012 No. 552 "About modification and amendments in the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning for banks and the non-bank credit and financial organizations".

11. Item 2 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of March 20, 2013 No. 163 "About the minimum size of authorized capital of the non-bank credit and financial organization and modification of the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning for banks and the non-bank credit and financial organizations".

12. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of June 10, 2013 No. 353 "About modification and amendments in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

13. The resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of August 9, 2013 No. 472 "About entering of amendment into the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning for banks and the non-bank credit and financial organizations".

14. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of September 20, 2013 No. 544 "About modification and amendments in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

15. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of November 27, 2013 No. 687 "About modification of some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

16. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of April 4, 2014 No. 209 "About modification and amendments in some resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

17. Item 2 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of August 1, 2014 No. 496 "About modification and amendments in some resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

18. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of August 19, 2014 No. 529 "About entering of amendments and changes into some resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

19. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of December 29, 2014 No. 836 "About entering of amendments and changes into some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus and recognition No. 720 which voided resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of December 9, 2013".

20. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of April 7, 2015 No. 217 "About entering of amendments and changes into some resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

21. The resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of May 26, 2015 No. 322 "About modification of the Instruction about standard rates of safe functioning for banks and the non-bank credit and financial organizations".

22. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of July 31, 2015 No. 462 "About entering of amendments and changes into some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

23. Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of August 13, 2015 No. 482 "About modification and amendments in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

24. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 and Item 2 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of December 11, 2015 No. 735 "About entering of amendments and changes into some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

25. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of March 2, 2016 No. 109 "About modification and amendments in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

26. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of March 31, 2016 No. 171 "About modification and amendments in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

27. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of June 29, 2016 No. 361 "About features of supervision of "Development Bank of the Republic of Belarus" open joint stock company and introduction of amendments and changes in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

28. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of March 14, 2017 No. 98 "About entering of amendments into some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

29. Subitem 2.1 of Item 2 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of May 18, 2017 No. 180 "About approval of the Instruction about procedure for determination of systemically significant banks, non-bank credit and financial organizations".

30. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of December 27, 2017 No. 536 "About modification of some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

31. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of December 3, 2018 No. 571 "About modification and amendments in some regulatory legal acts of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus".

32. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of January 28, 2019 No. 47 "About change of resolutions of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus concerning assessment of credit risk".

33. Subitem 1.1 of Item 1 of the resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of July 19, 2021 No. 207 "About change of regulatory legal acts of National Bank".

 

Approved by the Resolution of Board of National Bank of the Republic of Belarus of July 11, 2022 No. 257

The instruction about standard rates of safe functioning

Section I. General provisions

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