of July 11, 2001 No. 95-FZ
About political parties
Accepted by the State Duma on June 21, 2001
Approved by the Federation Council on June 29, 2001
The political variety, multi-party system are recognized the Russian Federation. Proceeding from this constitutional principle the state guarantees equality of political parties before the law irrespective of stated in their constituent and program documents to ideology, the purposes and tasks.
The state provides observance of the rights and legitimate interests of political parties.
Subject of regulation of this Federal Law are the public relations arising in connection with realization by citizens of the Russian Federation of the right to consolidation in political parties and features of creation, activities, reorganization and liquidation of political parties in the Russian Federation.
The right of citizens of the Russian Federation to consolidation in political parties includes the right to create on voluntary basis political parties according to the beliefs, the right to enter political parties or to abstain from the accession to political parties, the right to participate in activities of political parties according to their charters, and also is right to leave political parties freely.
1. The political party is the public association created for the purpose of participation of citizens of the Russian Federation in political life of society by means of forming and expression of their political will, participation in public and political actions, in elections and referenda and also for the purpose of representation of interests of citizens in public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and local government bodies.
The political party is type of public organization as form of business of legal entities (Item 3 of Article 50 of the Civil code of the Russian Federation).
2. The political party shall meet the following requirements:
a) the political party shall have regional departments at least in half of subjects of the Russian Federation, at the same time in the subject of the Russian Federation only one regional department of this political party can be created;
b) in political party at least five hundred members of political party taking into account requirements which are stipulated in Item the 6th article 23 of this Federal Law shall consist. By the charter of political party requirements to the minimum number of members of political party in its regional departments can be established;
c) the leading and other bodies of political party, its regional departments and other structural divisions shall be in the territory of the Russian Federation.
3. The regional department of political party in this Federal Law is understood as the structural division of political party created according to the decision of its authorized governing body and performing the activities in the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation. In subject of the Russian Federation which part is (enter) the autonomous area (autonomous areas), the single regional department of political party can be created. Other structural divisions of political party (local and primary offices) are created in the cases and procedure provided by its charter.
4. The purposes and tasks of political party are stated in its charter and the program.
Main objectives of political party are:
forming of public opinion;
political education and education of citizens;
expression of opinions of citizens on any questions of public life, bringing these opinions to data of the general public and public authorities;
promotion of candidates (candidate lists) at election of the president of the Russian Federation, deputies of the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, management officials of subjects of the Russian Federation, in legislature of subjects of the Russian Federation, bodies of the public power of the federal territories, elected officials of local self-government and in representative bodies of municipalities, participation in the specified elections, and also in work of the elected bodies.
5. The political party provided in the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in this Federal Law is understood as political party which federal candidate list is allowed to distribution of deputy mandates in the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
The political party provided in legislature of the subject of the Russian Federation in this Federal Law is understood as political party which candidate list is allowed to distribution of deputy mandates in legislature of appropriate subject of the Russian Federation.
Activities of political parties are based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and are regulated by the Federal constitutional Laws, this Federal Law and other Federal Laws. Features of civil provision of political party as type of public organization (item 4 of Article 49 of the Civil code of the Russian Federation) are determined by this Federal Law.
The political party has the right to perform the activities in all territory of the Russian Federation.
1. In the name of political party, both complete, and reduced, use of names of other political parties and other all-Russian public associations, names similar to these names existing in the Russian Federation to extent of mixture, or names of the political parties which stopped the activities owing to liquidation in connection with violation of Item 1 of article 9 of this Federal Law is not allowed.
1.1. The name of political party shall contain words "political party". Form of business (public organization) in the name of political party is not specified.
2. In the name of political party use of names of public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and local government bodies, and also name and (or) surname of the citizen is not allowed.
3. Regional departments and other structural divisions of political party use the name of this political party with indication of the territorial accessory.
4. The political party can use in the name the words "Russia", Russian Federation and words formed on their basis and phrases.
5. The name of political party shall conform to requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation about protection of intellectual property and (or) copyright. It is forbidden to use the name of political party offending racial, national or religious feelings.
6. Legal entities, not being political parties, cannot use the word "batch" in the name.
1. The political party can have the emblem and other symbols which exact description shall contain in the charter of political party. The symbolics of political party shall not match the state symbolics of the Russian Federation, the state symbolics of subjects of the Russian Federation, symbolics of the federal territories, symbolics of municipalities, and also the state symbolics of foreign states.
2. As emblem and other symbols of political party emblems and other symbols of the political parties existing in the Russian Federation, and also emblems and other symbols of the organizations which activities are in the territory of the Russian Federation forbidden cannot be used.
3. The symbolics of political party shall conform to requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation about protection of intellectual property and (or) copyright. It is forbidden to use the symbolics offending or discrediting National flag of the Russian Federation, the State Emblem of the Russian Federation, the National anthem of the Russian Federation, flags, the coats of arms, anthems of subjects of the Russian Federation, the federal territories, municipalities, foreign states, religious symbols, and also the symbols offending racial, national or religious feelings.
1. Activities of political parties are based on the principles of voluntariness, equality, self-government, legality and publicity. Political parties are free in determination of the internal structure, the purposes, forms and methods of activities, except for the restrictions set by this Federal Law.
2. Activities of political parties shall not violate the rights and freedoms of man and citizen guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
3. Political parties are effective publicly, information on their constituent and program documents is public.
4. Political parties shall be created to the men and women, citizens of the Russian Federation of different nationalities who are members of political party, equal opportunities for representation in governing bodies of political party, in candidate lists in deputies and on other elective offices in public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and local government bodies.
1. Creation and activities of political parties are forbidden, the purposes or actions of which are directed to implementation of extremist activities.
2. Inclusion in charters and programs of political parties of regulations on protection of the ideas of social justice, as well as the activities of political parties directed to protection of social justice cannot be considered as kindling of social discord.
3. Creation of political parties on signs of professional, racial, national or religious affiliation is not allowed.
Signs of professional, racial, national or religious affiliation in this Federal Law are understood as specifying in the charter and the program of political party of the purposes of protection of professional, racial, national or religious interests, and also reflection of the specified purposes in the name of political party.
The political party shall not consist of persons of one profession.
4. Structural divisions of political parties are created and are effective only on territorial sign. Creation of structural divisions of political parties in public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and local government bodies, in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in law enforcement and other state bodies, in the state and non-state organizations is not allowed.
5. Activities of political parties and their structural divisions in public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and local government bodies (except for legislature of subjects of the Russian Federation, representative bodies of the federal territories and representative bodies of municipalities), in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in law enforcement and other state bodies, in offices of legislature of subjects of the Russian Federation, in offices of representative bodies of the federal territories, in the state organizations are not allowed. Intervention of political parties in educational process of the educational organizations is forbidden.
6. Creation and activities in the territory of the Russian Federation of political parties of foreign states and structural divisions of the specified batches are not allowed.
7. In case of introduction in all territory of the Russian Federation or in its certain areas of emergency or warlike situation activities of political parties are performed according to the Federal constitutional Law on emergency or warlike situation.
1. Intervention of public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and their officials in activities of political parties, as well as intervention of political parties in activities of public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and their officials, is not allowed.
2. The questions infringing on interests of political parties are solved public authorities, bodies of the public power of the federal territories and local government bodies with participation of the relevant political parties or in coordination with them.
3. Persons, the replacement state or municipal positions, and persons which are in the public or municipal service, having no right to use benefits of the official or official position for the benefit of political party which members they are, or for the benefit of any other political party. Specified persons, except for deputies of the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, deputies of legislature of subjects of the Russian Federation, members of representative bodies of the federal territories chosen on the basis of general equal and direct suffrage in case of secret vote and deputies of representative bodies of municipalities, cannot be connected by decisions of political party in case of execution of the job or service duties.
4. The president of the Russian Federation has the right to stop the membership in political party for the term of implementation of the powers.
1. The political party is created freely, without permissions of bodies of the public power and officials. The political party can be created at constituent congress of political party.
2. The political party is considered the political party created from the date of acceptance by constituent congress of decisions on creation, about formation of its regional departments at least in half of subjects of the Russian Federation, about adoption of the charter of political party and about adoption of its program, about forming of the leading and control and auditing bodies of political party. Delegates of constituent congress of political party are founders of political party.
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