ORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

of May 25, 2022 No. 336

About approval of the Concept of development of science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022 - 2026

For the purpose of realization of Item 81 of the National actions plan on implementation of the Message of the Head of state to the people of Kazakhstan of September 1, 2020 "Kazakhstan in new reality: time of actions", No. 413 approved by the Presidential decree of the Republic of Kazakhstan of September 14, 2020 "About measures for implementation of the Message of the Head of state to the people of Kazakhstan of September 1, 2020 "Kazakhstan in new reality: time of actions", DECIDES: the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan

1. Approve the enclosed Concept of development of science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022 - 2026 (further - the Concept).

2. To state bodies and other organizations (under approval), responsible for implementation of the Concept:

1) to take necessary measures for implementation of the Concept;

2) to provide timely execution of the Action plan on implementation of the Concept (further - the Plan);

3) no later than April 15 of the year following the accounting period to provide information on the course of implementation of the Plan in the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

3. To represent to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan no later than May 1 of the year following the accounting period to authorized body on the state and strategic planning the report on implementation of the Concept.

4. To impose control of execution of this resolution on the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

5. This resolution becomes effective from the date of its signing.

Approved by the Order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan of May 25, 2022 No. 336

The concept of development of science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022 - 2026

Section 1. Passport

Section 2. Analysis of the current situation

This Concept of development of science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022 - 2026 (further - the Concept) is directed to realization of task 6 National priorities 3rd "Quality education" of the National development plan for the Republic of Kazakhstan till 2025 and achievement of indicator in the rating of the Global index of competitiveness of the World Economic Forum on factor "The innovative potential" (70 place); tasks 9.5 "Research and development" of the purposes in the field of sustainable development; 81 Items of the National actions plan on implementation of the Message of the Head of state to the people of Kazakhstan of September 1, 2020.

In case of development of this Concept recommendations of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (further - OECD) from the Overview of innovative policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan prepared within participation of Kazakhstan in work of Committee on scientific and technological policy were considered.

According to "The report of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (further - UNESCO) on science: on the way by 2030" of 2015: "Development of successful national policy in the field of science and innovations remains very complex challenge. Comprehensive use of positive results of the economic development based on science and innovations requires simultaneous promotion in the necessary directions in a number of different fields of policy, including the questions concerning education, fundamental sciences, technology development and the widespread introduction of steady technologies, research and development works of the business sector and conditions of creation of economic basis reached thanks to it.".

Development of science in the modern world takes place in conditions of global challenges and threats. According to the Report of UNESCO on science: race against time for reasonable development of 2021: "Today's problems, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, deterioration in health of the ocean and pandemic, are global. That is why we shall mobilize scientists and researchers from around the world.".

Development of science and technologies during the forthcoming period will happen in the conditions of the crises caused by pandemics and epidemics. They will have the dominating influence on development of science, technologies and innovations at the world, regional and country levels.

2.1. Current status of the Kazakhstan science

Competitiveness of scientific potential is one of priorities of state policy. Its consecutive realization, and also the progressive Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted in 2011 "About science" (further - the Law) promoted preserving leaders of schools of sciences, forming of new model of administration and science funding, development of new institutes of scientific and technical examination, national scientific councils, the beginning of commercialization of results of scientific and scientific and technical activities.

Realization of scientific research is carried out according to the priorities of development of science approved by the Highest scientific and technical commission. Priorities for 2022 - 2024 are:

1) rational use of water resources, animal and flora, ecology;

2) geology, production and conversion of mineral and hydrocarbonic raw material, new materials, technologies, safe products and designs;

3) power and mechanical engineering;

4) information, communication and space technologies;

5) scientific research in the field of natural sciences;

6) science about lives and health;

7) researches in the fields of education and sciences;

8) researches in the field of social and the humanities;

9) sustainable development of agro-industrial complex and safety of agricultural products;

10) homeland security and defense.

According to statistical data in 2021 increase in expenses on the scientific research and developmental works (further - research and development) which are carried out in the Republic of Kazakhstan with 89,0 to 109, in 0 billion tenges was noted (2019 - 82, 3 billion tenges, 2020 - 89, 0 billion tenges). However this increase had no significant effect on science intensity of gross domestic product (further - GDP) which in reporting year made % 0,13. It is caused, first of all, the fact that the index of growth of costs for research and development in 2021 appeared lower than the level of 2020, having reduced by % 5,9 in comparison with 2019, and below the rate of inflation.

The analysis of internal costs on research and development by sources of financing shows what falls to the share of the state 58,2 of %, the companies - 33,5 of % and other sources - % 8,3.

Research costs in the total amount of internal costs on research and development in the field of engineering developments and technologies constituted 40%, researches in the field of natural sciences occupy 29%, agricultural sciences - 13,4 of %, the humanities - 6,7 of %, social sciences - 2,8 of % and medical sciences - % 8,1.

In regional section the characteristic of involvement into research activities are specific indicators of intensity, such as amounts of internal costs on research and development counting on one worker and number of the workers who were carrying out them per 10 thousand people occupied in economy.

Amounts of costs for one worker in 2020 on the republic average 3, 9 million tenges. In Mangystau, Atyrau and Jambyl areas, and also in Nour-Sultan's city the greatest amounts of this indicator - 15,2 are noted; 12,2; 6,2 and 4, 8 million tenges, respectively. In Kyzylorda, Kostanay, Pavlodar and Turkestan regions 1,1 - 1, is the share 9 million tenges of costs of one worker.

Proceeding from the above-stated data by regions, it is also possible to note that despite the lack of legislative barriers, they do not pay due attention to development of research and development.

The regional science shall be mainly directed to the solution of those problems which stand in the center of attention of economy of area. Among the regions which lowered amounts of costs for research and development - Akmola, Kostanay and Kyzylorda areas. Almaty and Nur-Sultan are the scientific and educational centers of the republic. Nearly 37% of researches and developments fall to the share of Almaty.

The state to which share more than a half of costs falls remained the main investor in scientific research in 2020. In the previous two years own means of the companies which averaged 47% whereas in 2020 their share was reduced to % 39,9 were the main source of financing.

Funds from the republican budget are allocated for science to ten industry central state bodies: to the Ministries of Education and Science (further - MON), agricultural industry (further - MCX), work and social protection of the population (further - MTSZN), ecology, geology and natural resources (further - MEGPR), health cares (further - MZ), culture and sport (further - the ISS), power engineering specialists (further - ME), the industry and infrastructure development (further - MIIR), digital development, innovations and the aerospace industry (further - MTsRIAP), trade and integration (further - MTI).

In general science funding from the republican budget in 2020 - 2021 increased almost twice and constituted in 2020 50, 1 billion tenges, including on MON - 35, 6 billion tenges; in 2021 - 71, 6 billion tenges, including on MON - 48, 6 billion tenges.

Financing of subjects of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities is performed according to the Law in different forms of financing on conditions which are established by procedure for basic, grant, program and target and direct financing of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities.

In total in 2020 - 2021 15 competitions on accomplishment of scientific research from which 7 on MON (5 grant tenders and 2 on program target financing), 8 - industry state bodies were held. As a result of tenders MON on grant financing 1336 projects, on program target financing - 59 scientific and technical programs, administrators of budget programs for program target financing of only 207 scientific and technical programs are implemented.

The new approaches to science funding based on are implemented: the principles of ensuring strategic interests of the state, sustainable development of schools of sciences and scientific organizations, combinations of competitive and out-of-competition methods of financing, complete transparency of distribution of financing at all stages of competitive procedures.

In 2020 new types of grants on collaboration, short-term, individual and for young scientists were for the first time entered that allowed to give the state support to bigger number of perspective scientific ideas. Program target financing is distributed only on the basis of the specific national scientific and technical objectives corresponding to strategic priorities of social and economic, political and spiritual upgrade of Kazakhstan.

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