FEDERAL LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ

About information, information technologies and on information protection

Accepted by the State Duma on July 8, 2006

Approved by the Federation Council on July 14, 2006

Article 1. Coverage of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law governs the relations arising in case of:

1) implementation of the right to search, obtaining, transfer, production and distribution of information;

2) use of information technologies;

3) ensuring information protection.

2. Provisions of this Federal Law do not extend to the relations arising in case of the legal protection of results of intellectual activities and the means of individualization equated to them, except as specified, provided by this Federal Law.

Article 2. The basic concepts used in this Federal Law

In this Federal Law the following basic concepts are used:

1) information - data (messages, data) irrespective of form of their representation;

2) information technologies - processes, methods of search, collection, storage, processing, provision, distribution of information and methods of implementation of such processes and methods;

3) information system - set of information containing in databases and information technologies and technical means providing its processing;

4) information and telecommunication network - the technological system intended for transfer on information communication lines, access to which is provided with use of computer aids;

5) the owner of information - the person who independently created information or received the right to permit or limit information access based on the law or the agreement, determined by any signs;

6) information access - possibility of receipt of information and its use;

7) confidentiality of information - obligatory for accomplishment by person who got access to certain information, the requirement not to transfer such information to the third parties without the consent of its owner;

8) provision of information - the actions directed to receipt of information by certain group of people or information transfer to certain group of people;

9) distribution of information - the actions directed to receipt of information by the indefinite group of people or information transfer to the indefinite group of people;

10) the electronic message - the information transferred or received by the user of information and telecommunication network;

11) documentary information - information fixed on the material carrier by documentation with the details allowing to determine such information or in the cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation its material carrier;

11. 1) the electronic document - the documentary information provided electronically that is in the type suitable for perception by the person with use of electronic computers, and also for transfer on information and telecommunication networks or processings in information systems;

12) the operator of information system - the citizen or the legal entity performing activities for operation of information system, including for the information processing containing in its databases.

13) the website in Internet network - set of programs for electronic computers and other information containing in information system, access to which is provided by means of the Internet (further - Internet network), on domain names and (or) to the network addresses allowing to identify the websites in Internet network;

14) the page of the website in Internet network (further also - the Internet page) - part of the website in Internet network, access to which is provided according to the pointer consisting of the domain name and characters determined by the owner of the website in Internet network;

15) domain name - the designation by characters intended for addressing of the websites in Internet network for the purpose of ensuring access to information which is posted online "Internet";

16) the network address - the identifier on the data communication network determining the subscriber terminal or other means of communication incoming information system when rendering telematic communication services;

17) the owner of the website in Internet network - person, independently and at discretion determining procedure for use of the website in Internet networks, including procedure for placement of information on such website;

18) provider of hosting - person performing activities for provision of computing capacity for placement of information in the information system which is constantly connected to Internet network;

19) ceased to be valid according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of 29.12.2022 No. 572-FZ

20) search engine - the information system performing at the request of the user net search "Internet" of information of certain content and providing to the user the information on the pointer of the page of the website in Internet network for access to the queried information located on the websites in Internet network belonging to other persons, except for information systems, used for implementation of the state and municipal functions, rendering the state and municipal services, and also for implementation of other public powers established by the Federal Laws;

21) ceased to be valid according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of 29.12.2022 No. 572-FZ

22) ceased to be valid according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of 29.12.2022 No. 572-FZ

Article 3. The principles of legal regulation of the relations in the field of information, information technologies and information protection

Legal regulation of the relations arising in the field of information, information technologies and information protection is based on the following principles:

1) freedom of search, obtaining, transfer, production and distribution of information by any legal method;

2) establishment of access restrictions to information only the Federal Laws;

3) openness of information on activities of state bodies and local government bodies and open entry to such information, except the cases established by the Federal Laws;

4) equality of languages of the people of the Russian Federation during creation of information systems and their operation;

5) safety of the Russian Federation during creation of information systems, their operation and protection of information containing in them;

6) accuracy of the information and timeliness of its provision;

7) personal privacy, inadmissibility of collection, storage, use and distribution of information on private life of person without its consent;

8) inadmissibility of establishment by regulatory legal acts of any benefits of use of one information technologies before others if only obligation of use of certain information technologies for creation and operation of the state information systems is not established by the Federal Laws.

Article 4. Legislation of the Russian Federation on information, information technologies and on information protection

1. The legislation of the Russian Federation on information, information technologies and on information protection is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law and other Federal Laws governing the relations on use of information.

2. Legal regulation of the relations connected with the organization and activities of mass media is performed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation about mass media.

3. The procedure for storage and use of the documentary information included in structure of archive funds is established by the legislation on archiving in the Russian Federation.

Article 5. Information as object of legal relations

1. Information can be object of public, civil and other legal relations. Information can freely be used by any person and be transferred by one person to other person if the Federal Laws do not set access restrictions to information or other requirements to procedure for its provision or distribution.

2. Information depending on category of access to it is subdivided into public information, and also into information, access to which is limited by the Federal Laws (information of limited access).

3. Information depending on procedure for its provision or distribution is subdivided on:

1) information which is freely distributed;

2) information provided under the agreement of persons participating in the corresponding relations;

3) information which according to the Federal Laws is subject to provision or distribution;

4) information which distribution in the Russian Federation is limited or forbidden.

4. By the legislation of the Russian Federation types of information depending on its content or the owner can be established.

Article 6. Owner of information

1. The citizen (physical person), the legal entity, the Russian Federation, the subject of the Russian Federation, the municipality can be the owner of information.

2. On behalf of the Russian Federation, the subject of the Russian Federation, municipality of competence of the owner of information are performed respectively by state bodies and local government bodies within their powers established by the corresponding regulatory legal acts.

3. The owner of information, if other is not provided by the Federal Laws, has the right:

1) to permit or limit information access, to determine procedure and conditions of such access;

2) to use information, including to distribute it, at discretion;

3) to transfer information to other persons under the agreement or on other basis established by the law;

4) to protect by the methods established by the law the rights in case of illegal receipt of information or its illegal use by other persons;

5) to perform other actions with information or to resolve implementation of such actions.

4. The owner of information when implementing the rights shall:

1) to observe the rights and legitimate interests of other persons;

2) to take measures for information protection;

3) to limit information access if such obligation is established by the Federal Laws.

Article 7. Public information

1. Well-known data and other information, access to which is not limited, belong to public information.

2. Public information can be used by any persons at their discretion in case of observance of the restrictions on distribution of such information established by the Federal Laws.

3. The owner of information which became public according to its decision having the right to demand from persons distributing such information, to specify itself as source of such information.

4. Information which is posted online by its owners "Internet" in the format allowing the automated processing without preliminary changes by the person for the purpose of its repeated use is the public information placed in the form of open data.

5. Information in the form of open data is posted online "Internet" taking into account requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation about the state secret. If placement of information in the form of open data can lead to distribution of the data which are the state secret, placement of the specified information in the form of open data shall be stopped upon the demand of the body given authority according to the order such data.

6. If placement of information in the form of open data can entail violation of the rights of owners of information, access to which is limited according to the Federal Laws, or violation of the rights of subjects of personal data, placement of the specified information in the form of open data shall be stopped by a court decision. If placement of information in the form of open data is performed with violation of requirements of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ "About personal data", placement of information in the form of open data shall be suspended or stopped upon the demand of authorized body on protection of the rights of subjects of personal data.

Article 8. Right to information access

1. Citizens (physical persons) and the organizations (legal entities) (further - the organizations) have the right to perform search and receipt of any information in any forms and from any sources on condition of observance of the requirements established by this Federal Law and other Federal Laws.

2. The citizen (physical person) has the right from state bodies, local government bodies, their officials according to the procedure, established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, information which is directly affecting its rights and freedoms.

3. The organization has the right from state bodies, local government bodies of information which is directly concerning the rights and obligations of this organization, and also information necessary in connection with interaction with the specified bodies when implementing of the authorized activities by this organization.

4. Access cannot be limited to:

1) to the regulatory legal acts affecting the rights, freedoms and obligations of man and citizen, and also establishing legal status of the organizations and power of state bodies, local government bodies;

2) information on state of environment (ecological information);

3) information on activities of state bodies and local government bodies, and also on use of budgetary funds (except for the data which are the state or official secret);

4) information accumulated in open-end funds of libraries, museums, and also in the state, municipal and other information systems created or intended for providing citizens (physical persons) and organizations with such information;

4. 1) information containing in archive documents of archive funds (except for data and documents, access to which is limited by the legislation of the Russian Federation);

5) other information, inadmissibility of access restriction to which is established by the Federal Laws.

5. State bodies and local government bodies shall provide access, including with use of information and telecommunication networks, including Internet networks, to information on the activities in Russian and state language of the respective republic within the Russian Federation according to the Federal Laws, the laws of subjects of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts of local government bodies. Person wishing to get access to such information shall not prove need of its obtaining.

6. Decisions and the actions (failure to act) of state bodies and local government bodies, public associations, officials violating the right to information access can be appealed in higher body or to the higher official or in court.

7. If as a result of illegal access denial to information, its untimely provision, provision obviously doubtful or not corresponding losses were caused to content of information request, such losses are subject to compensation according to the civil legislation.

8. Information is provided free of charge:

1) about activities of state bodies and local government bodies, placed by such bodies in information and telecommunication networks;

2) affecting the rights and obligations of the interested person established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

3) other information established by the law.

9. Establishment of payment for provision by state body or local government body of information on the activities is possible only in cases and on conditions which are established by the Federal Laws.

10. The owner of the website and (or) the page of the website in Internet network, and (or) information system, and (or) the program for electronic computers who is the Russian legal entity or the citizen of the Russian Federation and performing the activities in Internet network in the territory of the Russian Federation if the information access, posted on its website and (or) the page of the website in Internet network, and (or) in its information system, and (or) the program for electronic computers, is provided to the users who underwent authorization shall see off it concerning the users who are in the territory of the Russian Federation, one of the following methods:

1) with use of subscriber number of the operator of mobile radiotelephone communication;

2) with use of the federal state information system "Single System of Identification and Authentication in the Infrastructure Providing Information and Technological Interaction of the Information Systems Used for Provision of the State and Municipal Services Electronically" (further - single system of identification and authentication);

3) with use of the state information system "Single System of Identification and Authentication of Physical Persons with Use of Biometric Personal Data" according to the procedure, No. 572-FZ provided by articles 9 and 10 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2022 "About implementation of identification and (or) authentication of physical persons with use of biometric personal data, about modification of separate legal acts of the Russian Federation and recognition voided separate provisions of legal acts of the Russian Federation";

4) with use of other information system providing authorization of users of the websites and (or) pages of the websites in Internet network, and (or) information systems, and (or) programs for electronic computers and to conforming requirements about information protection, stipulated in Clause the 16th this Federal Law which owner is the citizen of the Russian Federation who does not have nationality of other state or the Russian legal entity. If other is not provided by the international treaty of the Russian Federation, the Russian legal entity specified in this Item is the legal entity who is under control of the Russian Federation, and (or) the subject of the Russian Federation, and (or) the municipality, and (or) the citizen of the Russian Federation who does not have nationality of other state and (or) persons controlled by them jointly or separately. At the same time control is understood as opportunity to determine the decisions made by the specified legal entity owing to right availability directly or indirectly to dispose more than fifty percent of total quantity of the voices falling on voting shares (shares) constituting the authorized capital of this legal entity.

Article 9. Access restriction to information

1. Access restriction to information is set by the Federal Laws and acts of the President of the Russian Federation for the purpose of protection of bases of the constitutional system, morality, health, the rights and legitimate interests of other persons, ensuring defense of the country and safety of the state.

2. Maintaining confidentiality of information, access to which is limited by the Federal Laws and acts of the President of the Russian Federation, is obligatory.

2.1. Procedure for identification of information resources for the purpose of taking measures to access restriction to information resources, requirements to methods (methods) of restriction of such access applied according to this Federal Law and also requirements to the placed information on access restriction to information resources are determined by the federal executive body performing functions on control and supervision in the field of mass media, mass communications, information technologies and communication.

3. Information protection, being the state secret, is performed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation about the state secret.

4. The Federal Laws establish conditions of reference of information to the data which are trade secret, official secret and other secret, obligation of maintaining confidentiality of such information, and also responsibility for its disclosure.

5. Information obtained by citizens (physical persons) in case of execution of professional obligations by them or the organizations when implementing of certain types of activity by them (professional secrecy) is subject to protection in cases if to these persons the Federal Laws assign obligations on maintaining confidentiality of such information.

6. Information which is professional secrecy can be provided to the third parties according to the Federal Laws and (or) by a court decision.

7. Completion date of obligations on maintaining confidentiality of information which is professional secrecy can be limited only with the consent of the citizen (physical person) which provided such information on itself.

8. It is forbidden to demand from the citizen (physical person) of provision of information on his private life, including information which is personal or family secret and to obtain such information without volition of the citizen (physical person) if other is not provided by the Federal Laws.

9. The procedure for access to personal data of citizens (physical persons) is established by the Federal Law on personal data.

Article 10. Distribution of information or provision of information

1. In the Russian Federation distribution of information is performed freely in case of observance of the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Information distributed without use of mass media shall include the authentic information about its owner or about the other person distributing information in form and in amount which are sufficient for identification of such person. The owner of the website in Internet network shall post on the website belonging to it information on the name, the location and the address, the e-mail address for the direction of the statement specified in article 15.7 of this Federal Law and also has the right to provide possibility of the direction of this statement by means of filling of electronic form on the website in Internet networks.

3. When using for distribution of information of the means allowing to determine receivers of information, including mailings and electronic messages, person distributing information shall provide to the receiver of information deniability from such information.

4. Provision of information is performed according to the procedure which is established by the agreement of persons participating in information exchange.

5. Cases and conditions of obligatory distribution of information or provision of information, including provision of obligatory copies of documents, are established by the Federal Laws.

6. Distribution of information which is directed to propaganda for war, incitement of national, racial or religious hatred and hostility, and also other information for which distribution the criminal or administrative responsibility is provided is forbidden.

7. Distribution of the materials made and (or) spread by the foreign agent in connection with implementation of type of activity by it the stipulated in Clause 4 Federal Laws of July 14, 2022 is forbidden to No. 255-FZ "About control of activities of persons which are under foreign influence" and also to information concerning type of activity, the stipulated in Clause 4 Federal Laws of July 14, 2022 No. 255-FZ "About control of activities of persons which are under foreign influence" without specifying on the fact that these materials (information) are made and widespread the foreign agent. Form, requirements to placement and procedure for placement of such specifying are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

8. It is forbidden by provision of the state and municipal services, accomplishment of the state or municipal task, and also in case of realization by state-owned companies, state and municipal unitary enterprises, the public companies, economic societies in which authorized capital share of the Russian Federation, the subject of the Russian Federation, the municipality in total exceeds fifty percent, credit institutions, not credit financial institutions which perform the types of activity specified in part one of article 76.1 of the Federal Law of July 10, 2002 to No. 86-FZ "About the Central bank the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)", subjects of national payment system of goods, works, services, property rights use of the information systems and (or) programs for electronic computers belonging to foreign legal entities and (or) foreign citizens, which are intended and (or) are used for exchange of electronic messages only between users of these information systems and (or) programs for electronic computers in case of which the sender of the electronic message determines the receiver or receivers of the electronic message and placement by net surfers "Internet" of public information is not provided in Internet networks, for transfer of payment documents and (or) provision of information containing personal data of citizens of the Russian Federation, data on money transfers within the applied forms of non-cash payments, the data, necessary for implementation of payments and (or) data on accounts (deposits) of citizens of the Russian Federation in banks.

9. The connection to the information systems and (or) programs for electronic computers specified in part 8 of this Article, other information systems, providing possibility of money transfer of citizens of the Russian Federation within the applied forms of non-cash payments is forbidden.

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