THE ORDER OF THE FEDERAL SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON ECOLOGICAL, TECHNOLOGY AND ATOMIC SUPERVISION

of October 23, 2017 No. 442

About approval of federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors"

According to article 6 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ "About use of atomic energy" (The Russian Federation Code, 1995, No. 48, Art. 4552; 1997, No. 7, Art. 808; 2001, No. 29, Art. 2949; 2002, No. 1, Art. 2; No. 13, Art. 1180; 2003, No. 46, Art. 4436; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2006, No. 52, Art. 5498; 2007, No. 7, Art. 834; No. 49, Art. 6079; 2008, No. 29, Art. 3418; No. 30, Art. 3616; 2009, No. 1, Art. 17; No. 52, Art. 6450; 2011, No. 29, Art. 4281; No. 30, Art. 4590, Art. 4596; No. 45, Art. 6333; No. 48, Art. 6732; No. 49, Art. 7025; 2012, No. 26, Art. 3446; 2013, No. 27, Art. 3451; 2016, No. 14, Art. 1904; No. 15, Art. 2066; No. 27, the Art. 4289), subitem 5.2.2.1 of Item 5 of the Regulations on Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2004 No. 401 (The Russian Federation Code, 2004, No. 32, Art. 3348; 2006, No. 5, Art. 544; No. 23, Art. 2527; No. 52, Art. 5587; 2008, No. 22, Art. 2581; No. 46, Art. 5337; 2009, No. 6, Art. 738; No. 33, Art. 4081; No. 49, Art. 5976; 2010, No. 9, Art. 960; No. 26, Art. 3350; No. 38, Art. 4835; 2011, No. 14, Art. 1935; No. 41, Art. 5750; No. 50, Art. 7385; 2012, No. 29, Art. 4123; No. 42, Art. 5726; 2013, No. 12, Art. 1343; No. 45, Art. 5822; 2014, No. 2, Art. 108; No. 35, Art. 4773; 2015, No. 2, Art. 491; No. 4, Art. 661; 2016, No. 28, Art. 4741; No. 48, Art. 6789; 2017, No. 12, Art. 1729; to No. 26, of the Art. 3847), I order:

Approve the enclosed federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors" (NP-101-17).

Approved by the Order of the Federal Service of the Russian Federation on ecological, technology and atomic supervision of October 23, 2017 No. 442

Federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors" (NP-101-17)

I. Appointment and scope

1. These federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy "General provisions of safety of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors" (are developed by NP-101-17) (further - General provisions) according to article 6 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ "About use of atomic energy", the order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1511 of December 1, 1997. "About approval of the Regulations on development and approval of federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy" (The Russian Federation Code, 1997, No. 49, Art. 5600; 2012, No. 51, Art. 7203) also establish the safety requirements specific to spacecrafts with nuclear reactors as sources of radiative effects on personnel, population and environment.

2. These General provisions establish the purposes and the main criteria of safety of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors, and also the basic principles and general requirements to the technical and organizational measures directed to achievement of safety. The sales amount of these principles and measures shall meet federal standards and rules of use of atomic energy. In the absence of necessary regulatory legal acts the proposed specific technical solutions are proved according to the modern level of development of science, the equipment and production.

3. These General provisions establish general requirements to ensuring nuclear and radiation safety taking into account specifics of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors as sources of possible radiative effects on personnel, population and environment during the designing, construction, commissioning, operation and conclusion from operation of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors.

Designing, construction, commissioning, operation, conclusion from operation of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors and the components entering them are performed according to requirements of the regulatory legal acts regulating creation, production and operation (application) of space complexes.

4. Requirements of these General provisions extend to spacecrafts with nuclear reactors in which nuclear power stations on the basis of nuclear reactors provide consumers of unmanned spacecrafts with electrical energy due to use of the closed system of transformation of heat energy of the nuclear reactor to electrical energy.

5. Requirements of these General provisions extend to all stages of complete lifecycle of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors established by the legislation in the field of use of atomic energy.

6. The list of reducings is given in appendix No. 1, terms and determinations - in appendix No. 2 to these General provisions.

II. Main objectives, criteria and the principles of safety of spacecrafts with nuclear reactors

7. Main objective of safety of KA with YaR is protection of personnel, the population and the environment against radiative effects in case of normal operation, violations of normal operation, including project accidents, and also restriction of this impact in case of beyond design basis accidents.

8. The KA with YaR meets safety requirements if the following conditions are complied: the radiative effects of KA from YaR on personnel, the population and the environment in case of normal operation and violations of normal operation before project accidents inclusive do not lead to exceeding of the set limits of doses of radiation of personnel and the population, standard rates on emissions and dumpings, content of RV in the environment, are limited in case of beyond design basis accidents and, besides, the size of probability of emergence of accidents is limited.

9. Safety of KA with YaR is reached due to designing, designing and production of the equipment, construction and operation of KA with YaR by means of fulfillment of requirements of the Federal Laws, federal regulations and rules of use of atomic energy, forming and maintenance of culture of safety, accounting of operating experience and the level of development of science, the equipment and production.

10. Admissible limits of doses of radiation of the personnel participating in works on creation of YaEU KA and KA with YaR and admissible limits of doses of radiation of the population for normal operation and violations of normal operation, including accidents, values of maximum permissible emissions of RV in the environment are established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

11. The basic principles of safety of KA with YaR are:

exception of possibility of uncontrollable self-sustaining chain nuclear reaction by means of the taken organizational and technical measures;

capability provide deduction of RV in the borders established in the project;

capability provide the heat sink from active zone of the reactor in case of all conditions determined by the project documentation.

12. The design of KA with YaR in case of its return to Earth shall provide not exceeding of doses of radiation of personnel and the doses of radiation of the population established by the Regulations of radiation safety approved by the resolution of the Chief state health officer of the Russian Federation of July 7, 2009 No. 47 (it is registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on August 14, 2009, registration No. 14534).

13. The design of KA with YaR shall exclude possibility of self-sustaining chain reaction of division to exit it into working orbit in case of all possible violations of normal operation, including the external impacts connected with destruction (explosion of space-rocket complex and (or) destruction of KA with YaR in case of fall to Earth).

14. Safety of KA with YaR shall be ensured due to consecutive realization of the principle of protection in depth based on use of system of physical barriers on the way of distribution of ionizing radiation, nuclear materials and RV to the environment and systems of technical and organizational measures for preserving efficiency of physical barriers and also on protection of personnel, the population and the environment.

15. The structure and purpose of physical barriers are determined in the KA and KA YaEU projects with YaR. Sufficiency of the used physical barriers, technical and organizational measures of protection in depth shall be proved in the KA and KA YaEU projects with YaR and is confirmed at stage of land working off of YaEU KA.

16. System of technical and organizational measures shall form five levels of protection in depth at all stages of lifecycle of KA from YaR and include the following levels.

Level 1. Prevention of violations of normal operation:

conditions of placement of objects with YaEU KA and KA with YaR;

establishment of the sanitary protection zone, zone of observation and zone of planning of protective measures around KA YaEU manufacturing plant and at the spaceport around objects with YaEU KA and KA with YaR;

project development of YaEU KA on the basis of conservative approach with the developed property of internal self-security of RU and measures directed to exception of threshold effect;

quality assurance of the systems important for safety of KA with YaR and YaEU of KA, and the performed works;

operation of KA with YaR according to requirements of regulatory legal acts and operational documentation;

control of condition and maintenance of operability of the systems and elements important for safety, by timely determination of defects, documentation of results of works and control;

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